{"id":10415,"date":"2023-12-04T12:39:47","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T11:39:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/danove-uniky-bohatstvi-a-monopol-vkusu\/"},"modified":"2024-06-24T22:16:17","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T20:16:17","slug":"danove-uniky-bohatstvi-a-monopol-na-chut","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/danove-uniky-bohatstvi-a-monopol-na-chut\/","title":{"rendered":"Da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00faniky, bohatstv\u00ed a monopol vkusu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jeden bilion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kapit\u00e1l nejen\u017ee je zda\u0148ov\u00e1n m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e n\u00e1mezdn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce<\/a>, ale tak\u00e9 se zdan\u011bn\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b snadno vyh\u00fdb\u00e1. Jeden bilion dolar\u016f, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 950 miliard eur<\/strong> to je pod\u00edl zisku – z celkov\u00e9 16 bilion\u016f<\/a> – kter\u00e9 velk\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed korporace p\u0159evedly do da\u0148ov\u00fdch r\u00e1j\u016f v roce 2022. Jedn\u00e1 se o bankovn\u00ed vklady, akcie a dal\u0161\u00ed cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry, kter\u00e9 nebyly v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch zem\u00edch deklarov\u00e1ny. Tato st\u011b\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edstaviteln\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1stka, Le Monde<\/em><\/strong><\/a> se podle na\u0161ich informac\u00ed rovn\u00e1 HDP Belgie<\/a> a D\u00e1nska<\/a> dohromady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dadaje poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z Zpr\u00e1vy o glob\u00e1ln\u00edch da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00fanic\u00edch<\/a> zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 23. \u0159\u00edjna EU Tax Observatory<\/strong>. Situace se ve skute\u010dnosti zlep\u0161ila: „Za posledn\u00edch dvacet let kleslo bohatstv\u00ed ukryt\u00e9 v da\u0148ov\u00fdch r\u00e1j\u00edch z ekvivalentu 9 % sv\u011btov\u00e9ho HDP na 3 %,“ vysv\u011btluje<\/a> francouzsk\u00fd m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edk Alternatives \u00e9conomiques<\/em><\/strong>. V Evrop\u011b jsou to Nizozemsko<\/a>, Irsko<\/a>, Lucembursko<\/a> a Belgie, kter\u00e9 dohromady ukr\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovinu t\u011bchto „unikl\u00fdch“ zisk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Gender Gap: pr\u00e1ce, m\u00e9dia a chudoba<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Laborato\u0159 World Inequality Lab<\/strong><\/a> na z\u00e1klad\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch odkaz\u016f na \u00fadaje z r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee na po\u010d\u00e1tku 90. let 20. stolet\u00ed \u017eeny vyd\u011bl\u00e1valy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 % celosv\u011btov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z pr\u00e1ce. Nyn\u00ed se toto \u010d\u00edslo zv\u00fd\u0161ilo na 35 procent, ale k 50 procent\u016fm je je\u0161t\u011b daleko. Co je to „glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem“? V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed na zpr\u00e1v\u011b pracovali (pln\u00e1 verze zde<\/a>), za n\u011bj pova\u017euj\u00ed sou\u010det p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z pr\u00e1ce, zam\u011bstnan\u00fdch i nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch, na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i konzumaci online zpravodajstv\u00ed „\u010dinil rozd\u00edl mezi pohlav\u00edmi [v EU] v kv\u011btnu 2023 14,5 procentn\u00edho bodu (57,2 % oproti 42,7 %),“ vysv\u011btluje anal\u00fdza The Fix Media<\/em><\/strong><\/a> \u00fadaj\u016f od 661 poskytovatel\u016f online zpravodajstv\u00ed v zem\u00edch EU. The Fix tato data porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 s post\u0159ehem, kter\u00fd byl zji\u0161t\u011bn v Digital News Report<\/strong><\/a> agentury Reuters, a sice \u017ee zpr\u00e1vy jsou struktur\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017eeny pro konzumaci podle pohlav\u00ed: p\u0159edstava, \u017ee mu\u017e \u010dte noviny p\u0159i sn\u00eddani, zat\u00edmco \u017eeny by m\u011bly sledovat televizi nebo poslouchat r\u00e1dio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek stoj\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed a emancipaci 340 milion\u016f \u017een, tedy asi 8 % \u017eensk\u00e9 populace na sv\u011bt\u011b. Tento \u00fadaj poch\u00e1z\u00ed z nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy OSN The Gender Snapshot 2023<\/strong><\/a>. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost je v\u011bnov\u00e1na kategorii, kter\u00e1 byla zcela opu\u0161t\u011bna: „star\u0161\u00edm“ \u017een\u00e1m. Ve 28 ze 116 zem\u00ed, pro kter\u00e9 jsou k dispozici \u00fadaje, m\u00e1 d\u016fchod m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e polovina z nich.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u017dena v \u010dele nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho odborov\u00e9ho svazu kovod\u011bln\u00edk\u016f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Christiane Bennerov\u00e1 byla zvolena do \u010dela nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho odborov\u00e9ho svazu v kovopr\u016fmyslu IG Metall, zpr\u00e1vy<\/a> n\u011bmeck\u00e9 Deutsche Welle<\/em><\/strong><\/a>. IG Metall, jeho\u017e \u010dleny je pouze 20 procent \u017een z celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu v\u00edce ne\u017e 2,2 milionu \u010dlen\u016f, nen\u00ed prvn\u00ed organizac\u00ed, kterou v N\u011bmecku vede \u017eena. Yasmin Fahimi byla zvolena za Deutsche Gewerkschaftsbund a Daniela Cavallo<\/a> stoj\u00ed v \u010dele Betriebsrat<\/a>, rady pro zastupov\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016f spole\u010dnosti Volkswagen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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J\u00eddlo pro bohat\u00e9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bohatstv\u00ed a chudoba jsou velmi re\u00e1ln\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, kter\u00fd je ukotven v \u010d\u00edslech, \u017eivotn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch a zvyc\u00edch. Jsou tak\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed symboliky a reprezentace. Dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je kultura stravov\u00e1n\u00ed. „Hej, chud\u00e1ci, nem\u016f\u017eete se nau\u010dit va\u0159it vegansk\u00e9 kari, m\u00edsto abyste se cpali nechutn\u00fdmi mra\u017een\u00fdmi j\u00eddly?“<\/a> zn\u00ed titulek francouzsk\u00e9ho \u010dasopisu ADN v rozhovoru s novin\u00e1\u0159em Nora Bouazzouni<\/a> o jej\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed knize, Mangez les riches<\/em><\/a> („Jezte bohat\u00e9“, vydalo nakladatelstv\u00ed Nouriturfu). Bouazzouni se ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zab\u00fdval vztahem mezi j\u00eddlem a reprezentac\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na souvislost\u00ed mezi hladem a sexismem a mezi konzumac\u00ed masa a maskulinitou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech \u017eij\u00ed lid\u00e9 s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy v pr\u016fm\u011bru o 10 a\u017e 14 let d\u00e9le ne\u017e lid\u00e9 na konci p\u0159\u00edjmov\u00e9ho \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Obezita, chronick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jako je rakovina, cukrovka a kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b postihuj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b privilegovan\u00e9 vrstvy. Reakc\u00ed je \u010dasto domn\u011bnka o neschopnosti: chud\u00ed jsou obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni ze \u0161patn\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho stavu – „Pro\u010d se l\u00e9pe nestravuj\u00ed? Pro\u010d necvi\u010d\u00ed?“ – zat\u00edmco z politick\u00e9ho hlediska by se na to m\u011blo pohl\u00ed\u017eet jako na „syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti“.<\/p>.\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e \u010del\u00ed inflaci, jsou ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed vrstvy pou\u010dov\u00e1ny, jak maj\u00ed \u0161et\u0159it – „bohat\u00e9 pl\u00e1c\u00e1n\u00ed“ – m\u00edsto toho, aby podnikly politick\u00e9 kroky na ochranu a zlep\u0161en\u00ed mezd a podm\u00ednek. Pokud jde o potraviny, rozd\u00e1vaj\u00ed se potravinov\u00e9 pouk\u00e1zky a vyn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed se soudy: „Tolerujeme potravinov\u00e9 kritiky, kte\u0159\u00ed testuj\u00ed 25 nejlep\u0161\u00edch cukr\u00e1ren v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, zat\u00edmco chud\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00fdm d\u011btem Kinder Bueno nebo ty\u010dinky Twix, jsou stigmatizov\u00e1ni.“ Kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd kapit\u00e1l je tak\u00e9 nerovn\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Plat\u00ed se i pr\u00e1ce bez doklad\u016f: lidsk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na olympijsk\u00e9 hry 2024<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na \u010derno nebo na z\u00e1klad\u011b smlouvy, \u010dasto pod fale\u0161n\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny, si migruj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00edci bez doklad\u016f najdou zp\u016fsob, jak pracovat. Pom\u011brn\u011b hodn\u011b jich najdeme na staveni\u0161t\u00edch pro olympijsk\u00e9 hry v roce 2024, kter\u00e9 Francie<\/a> chce s velkou pompou oslavit. Dne 17. \u0159\u00edjna tito d\u011bln\u00edci vstoupili do st\u00e1vky, zpr\u00e1vy<\/a> Nejma Brahim<\/strong>v Mediapart<\/em><\/strong>: 600 d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f v doprovodu odbor\u016f a sdru\u017een\u00ed obsadilo jedno z olympijsk\u00fdch staveni\u0161\u0165, aby po\u017eadovali legalizaci. Jen v pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9m regionu se podobn\u00e9 protesty v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch dotkly asi t\u0159iceti podnik\u016f. Tento fenom\u00e9n<\/a> se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech odv\u011btv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na stavebnictv\u00ed, stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a logistiky, a to nejen v obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed olympijsk\u00fdmi hrami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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O t\u011blesn\u00e9 autonomii \u017een <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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V Gr\u00f3nsku se ob\u011bti „c\u00edvkov\u00e9 kampan\u011b“ do\u017eaduj\u00ed spravedlnosti<\/strong><\/a> <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Anne-Fran\u00e7oise Hivert | Le Monde<\/em> | FR a EN (paywall)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd zn\u00ed jako z dystopick\u00e9ho televizn\u00edho seri\u00e1lu. Koncem 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed implantovali d\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i polovin\u011b gr\u00f3nsk\u00fdch \u017een v plodn\u00e9m v\u011bku (od 13 nebo 14 let v\u00fd\u0161e) nitrod\u011blo\u017en\u00ed c\u00e9vky, \u010dasto bez jejich souhlasu. C\u00edlem bylo sn\u00ed\u017eit porodnost na souostrov\u00ed. Nyn\u00ed se 67 \u017een p\u00edsemn\u011b obr\u00e1tilo na d\u00e1nskou vl\u00e1du s \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o spravedlnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Potraty v Chorvatsku<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

VoxFeminae<\/em> | 3. \u0159\u00edjna | HR <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chorvatsk\u00e9 feministick\u00e9 m\u00e9dium VoxFeminae<\/em> reportuje<\/a> o \u00fadaj\u00edch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch chorvatsk\u00fdm feministick\u00fdm kolektivem fAKTIV<\/em><\/a> abyste zjistili, jak jsou potraty v Chorvatsku<\/a> dostupn\u00e9. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed pr\u016fzkum tohoto druhu byl proveden uprost\u0159ed pandemie Covid-19, v dubnu 2020. fAKTIV p\u0159edlo\u017eil ot\u00e1zky 30 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt interrupce v zemi. Od n\u011bkter\u00fdch neobdr\u017eel \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi, od jin\u00fdch byly odpov\u011bdi v\u00e1gn\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee potraty jsou dostupn\u00e9 pouze ve 14 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. \u00dadaje byly n\u00e1sledn\u011b porovn\u00e1ny s po\u010dtem osob, kter\u00e9 odm\u00edtaj\u00ed potraty z d\u016fvodu sv\u011bdom\u00ed, a se skute\u010dnost\u00ed, \u017ee mnoho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 potraty neprov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v nejchud\u0161\u00edch oblastech zem\u011b. VoxFeminae tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje dal\u0161\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd fakt: pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena z\u00e1kroku p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed je polovina pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho chorvatsk\u00e9ho m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho platu, kter\u00fd se pohybuje kolem 560 eur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abor\u010dn\u00ed t\u00fdm sn\u016f: dekriminalizace<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

OKO.press<\/em> l  25. \u0159\u00edjna l PL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abortion Dream Team<\/a> je polsk\u00e1 skupina zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 2016, kter\u00e1 aktivn\u011b podporuje \u017eeny, kter\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed podstoupit interrupci. V textu zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m na OKO.press<\/em><\/a> napadaj\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zku v debat\u011b o potratech: \u010cl\u00e1nek 152 trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, kter\u00fd postihuje ty, kdo pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i obstar\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nebo prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed potrat\u016f. „Chceme, aby ka\u017ed\u00e1 dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u011b\u0165 necht\u011bn\u00e9ho t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed mohla po\u010d\u00edtat s podporou rodi\u010d\u016f,“ p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. V Polsku<\/a> jsou ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b potrest\u00e1ny des\u00edtky matek za jejich hum\u00e1nn\u00ed a solid\u00e1rn\u00ed gesto: pomoc dce\u0159i p\u0159i ukon\u010den\u00ed necht\u011bn\u00e9ho t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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– Francesca Barca<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159eklad: Ciar\u00e1n Lawless<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tiskov\u00fd p\u0159ehled p\u0159ipraven\u00fd ve spolupr\u00e1ci se spole\u010dnost\u00ed Display Europe, kter\u00fd vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nerovnost\u00ed v oblasti pohlav\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, p\u00e9\u010de, pr\u00e1ce a dal\u0161\u00edch. Tento m\u011bs\u00edc hovo\u0159\u00edme o da\u0148ov\u00fdch \u00fanic\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch korporac\u00ed, genderov\u00fdch rozd\u00edlech v pr\u00e1ci a m\u00e9di\u00edch, potratech a kultu\u0159e stravov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10401,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-10415","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/10415","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10401"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10415"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10415"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=10415"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}