{"id":17329,"date":"2024-01-03T13:40:53","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T12:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/nemocni-muzi-evropy-zeme-eu-celi-hospodarske-krizi\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:41:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:41:45","slug":"nemocni-lide-evropy-zeme-eu-celi-hospodarske-krizi","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/nemocni-lide-evropy-zeme-eu-celi-hospodarske-krizi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nemocn\u00ed mu\u017ei Evropy: Zem\u011b EU \u010del\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krizi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Po vzoru It\u00e1lie, \u0158ecka<\/a>, Francie<\/a> a N\u011bmecka<\/a> se nyn\u00ed do centra pozornosti m\u00e9di\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 \u010cesk\u00e1 republika<\/a> jako ekonomika v pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch, podle Die Welt<\/em><\/strong><\/a>.<\/em><\/strong> Tato st\u0159edoevropsk\u00e1 zem\u011b je jedin\u00fdm \u010dlenem EU, kter\u00fd se je\u0161t\u011b nevzpamatoval z hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho propadu vyvolan\u00e9ho pandemi\u00ed Covid-19<\/a>. Berl\u00ednsk\u00fd den\u00edk p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st viny energetick\u00e9 neefektivit\u011b \u010desk\u00fdch firem, kter\u00e9 byly t\u011b\u017ece zasa\u017eeny energetickou kriz\u00ed po rusk\u00e9 invazi na Ukrajinu<\/a>. Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee pot\u00ed\u017ee t\u00e9to nejpr\u016fmyslov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b EU jsou hlub\u0161\u00ed a vy\u017eaduj\u00ed odklon od jej\u00edho r\u016fstov\u00e9ho modelu, kter\u00fd je zako\u0159en\u011bn v kvalifikovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edle a n\u00edzk\u00fdch n\u00e1kladech na pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Tento model narazil na sv\u00e9 limity, kdy\u017e se prosperita a mzdy srovnaly se z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vymazala kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhoda,“ p\u00ed\u0161e se v dokumentu a dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee „\u010desk\u00e1 ekonomika je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 na to, aby mohla konkurovat zem\u00edm s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi mzdami, ale zat\u00edm nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b technologicky vysp\u011bl\u00e1, aby udr\u017eela krok nap\u0159\u00edklad s N\u011bmeckem“. \u010cesk\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 je v\u0161ak varov\u00e1n\u00edm i pro samotn\u00e9 N\u011bmecko, kter\u00e9 se pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s podobn\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. Pro udr\u017een\u00ed prosperity jsou nutn\u00e9 struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny, v\u010detn\u011b ukon\u010den\u00ed dotac\u00ed pro odv\u011btv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nejsou dlouhodob\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e1, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed investic do vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed byrokracie a investice do stroj\u016f, robot\u016f a softwaru, kter\u00e9 nahrad\u00ed ub\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chmurnou progn\u00f3zu nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 ekonomiky, jej\u00ed\u017e r\u016fst je po \u010cesku p\u0159edposledn\u00ed v EU, sd\u00edl\u00ed i Der Spiegel<\/em><\/strong><\/a>. Hambursk\u00fd den\u00edk p\u0159i\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 hospod\u00e1\u0159skou stagnaci N\u011bmecka prudk\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu cen energi\u00ed v d\u016fsledku rusk\u00e9 invaze na Ukrajinu<\/a>, odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmu celkov\u00e9mu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen, geopolitick\u00e9 nejistot\u011b a v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zpomalen\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle berl\u00ednsk\u00fdch novin Tagesspiegel<\/em><\/strong><\/a> je probl\u00e9mem tak\u00e9 st\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace: „st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b zam\u011bstnanc\u016f mus\u00ed financovat st\u00e1le v\u00edce d\u016fchodc\u016f“, zat\u00edmco \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed imigrace kvalifikovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f br\u00e1n\u00ed rostouc\u00ed volebn\u00ed preference krajn\u011b pravicov\u00fdch populist\u016f. N\u011bmecko tak \u010del\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1t\u011b sv\u00e9ho modelu prosperity, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st „nikoli ke kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 panice, ale k celkov\u00e9mu spole\u010densk\u00e9mu kolapsu“ <\/p>.\n\n\n\n

V sousedn\u00edm Rakousku<\/a>, Der Standard<\/em><\/strong> cituje<\/a> b\u00fdval\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u011bdemokratick\u00e9ho kancl\u00e9\u0159e Christiana Kerna, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee „probl\u00e9m N\u011bmecka je probl\u00e9mem Evropy“ a ozna\u010duje „N\u011bmecko za lokomotivu, kter\u00e1 se nesm\u00ed rozpadnout“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recese se mezit\u00edm za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 projevovat na trhu pr\u00e1ce v Rakousku, kde hled\u00e1 pr\u00e1ci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u010dtvrt milionu lid\u00ed, co\u017e je o 11 % v\u00edce ne\u017e v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce. R\u016fst zam\u011bstnanosti je pozorovateln\u00fd pouze ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m sektoru, den\u00edk upozor\u0148uje<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Optimismus je sotva patrn\u00fd i na druh\u00e9m konci Evropy. „V\u00edce ne\u017e 80 % Portugalc\u016f se ob\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee se jejich \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 v roce 2024 zhor\u0161\u00ed,“ titulky P\u00fablico<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a boj proti chudob\u011b se stanou t\u00e9matem nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch voleb do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu. P\u0159esto\u017ee Portugalsko<\/a> pat\u0159\u00ed s 1,5% r\u016fstem mezi evropsk\u00e9 l\u00eddry a v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce dokonce zaznamenalo nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed r\u016fst, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed Jornal de Neg\u00f3cios, obavy z ekonomick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed vysok\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Na stejn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty<\/strong> nab\u00edhaj\u00ed vp\u0159ed, zat\u00edmco Evropa zaost\u00e1v\u00e1. Tento titulek p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 noviny<\/em><\/strong><\/a> s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na studii bruselsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho institutu ECIPE<\/a>. Ze studie vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee pokud by se \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty EU p\u0159est\u011bhovaly za Atlantik a integrovaly se do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, pat\u0159ily by z hlediska HDP na obyvatele k nejchud\u0161\u00edm – a to dokonce i takov\u00e9 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 v\u00e1hy, jako je N\u011bmecko a Francie. Od glob\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed krize v letech 2008-2009 americk\u00e1 m\u00edra r\u016fstu v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159edstihla pr\u016fm\u011br EU. „Pokud bude tento trend pokra\u010dovat, bude rozd\u00edl v prosperit\u011b mezi pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm Evropanem a Ameri\u010danem v roce 2035 stejn\u011b velk\u00fd jako mezi pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdm Evropanem a dne\u0161n\u00edm Indem“<\/em>, uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed srovn\u00e1n\u00ed studie. Zaost\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Evropy je mnohostrann\u00e9: mezi kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 faktory pat\u0159\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 dopady rusk\u00e9 agrese na evropskou a americkou ekonomiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00edm d\u016fvodem je n\u00e1skok Ameriky v inovativn\u00edch technologick\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch, co\u017e je sf\u00e9ra, v n\u00ed\u017e Evropa nem\u00e1 obdoby. P\u0159\u00edstupy k zelen\u00e9 transformaci se tak\u00e9 li\u0161\u00ed. Bidenova administrativa podpo\u0159ila tento posun v\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi da\u0148ov\u00fdmi \u00falevami. Podpora zelen\u00e9 transformace ze strany EU je siln\u00e1, ale absence jednotn\u00e9ho da\u0148ov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu br\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00fdm da\u0148ov\u00fdm \u00falev\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj. Nedostate\u010dn\u011b rozvinut\u00fd evropsk\u00fd kapit\u00e1lov\u00fd trh komplikuje financov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch podnik\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise v roce 2014 navrhla vytvo\u0159en\u00ed jednotn\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9ho trhu v EU, kter\u00fd by usnadnil financov\u00e1n\u00ed podnik\u016f, ale tento n\u00e1vrh zat\u00edm nebyl p\u0159ijat. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvou pro st\u00e1ty EU je st\u00e1rnut\u00ed populace. Naproti tomu ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech st\u00e1le roste po\u010det obyvatel v produktivn\u00edm v\u011bku, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou k dispozici na trhu pr\u00e1ce. Mnoho podnik\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, m\u00e1 probl\u00e9m naj\u00edt zam\u011bstnance v Evrop\u011b. R\u016fst produktivity je v USA v\u00fdrazn\u011b rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v EU, a to d\u00edky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e investic, v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu pod\u00edlu v\u00fddaj\u016f na v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj a podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm cen\u00e1m energi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed americk\u00e9 podniky platit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bry<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It\u00e1lie se vyklan\u00ed z Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Marco Galluzzo | <\/strong>Corriere della Sera<\/em><\/strong> | 6. prosince | IT<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

„It\u00e1lie opou\u0161t\u00ed Hedv\u00e1bnou stezku: „Dopis na rozlou\u010denou doru\u010den\u00fd do Pekingu,“ p\u00ed\u0161e v titulku Corriere della Sera. Podle mil\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho den\u00edku \u0158\u00edm po \u010dty\u0159ech letech vystoupil z „faraonsk\u00e9ho a mnohamiliardov\u00e9ho projektu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho v\u016fdce Si \u0164in-pchinga, iniciativy, kter\u00e1 svedla vl\u00e1du Giuseppe Conteho a rozhn\u011bvala Ameriku a dal\u0161\u00ed spojence“. Italsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da p\u0159edt\u00edm s odstoupen\u00edm od projektu v\u00e1hala, proto\u017ee si p\u0159\u00e1la udr\u017eet s Pekingem v\u0159el\u00e9 vztahy. \u010c\u00edna rozhodnut\u00ed It\u00e1lie opustit iniciativu kritizovala, ale p\u0159estala ji p\u0159\u00edmo jmenovat. Zku\u0161enost It\u00e1lie osv\u011btluje, jak je projekt v\u00fdhodn\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro Peking, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hmatateln\u00e9 v\u00fdhody pro ostatn\u00ed strany jsou omezen\u00e9. V r\u00e1mci spolupr\u00e1ce se o\u010dek\u00e1valo, \u017ee do It\u00e1lie p\u0159ite\u010de a\u017e 20 miliard eur \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch investic, ale dorazil jen zlomek. Den\u00edk nastoluje ot\u00e1zku mo\u017en\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed odvety ze strany Pekingu, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o sektor luxusn\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed. Mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady budou m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159echodn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da dovede Portugalsko k p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm volb\u00e1m<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
V\u00edtor Moita Cordeiro | Di\u00e1rio de Not\u00edcias | 7. prosince | PT<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Osm\u00e9ho prosince se ujala \u00fa\u0159adu prozat\u00edmn\u00ed portugalsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pod veden\u00edm odstupuj\u00edc\u00edho socialistick\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Ant\u00f3nia Costy, kter\u00fd p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159ed m\u011bs\u00edcem rezignoval kv\u016fli vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed korupce. Di\u00e1rio de Not\u00edcias upozor\u0148uje<\/a> \u017ee a\u010dkoli Costa z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 form\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0161\u00e9fem vl\u00e1dy, m\u016f\u017ee prov\u00e1d\u011bt pouze kroky „nezbytn\u011b nutn\u00e9 k vy\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed“ a sm\u011b\u0159ovat zemi k p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm volb\u00e1m stanoven\u00fdm na 10. b\u0159ezna 2024. Costa je vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n kv\u016fli mo\u017en\u00e9 korupci v souvislosti s ud\u011blov\u00e1n\u00edm povolen\u00ed k t\u011b\u017eb\u011b lithia a v\u00fdrob\u011b tzv. zelen\u00e9ho vod\u00edku. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed prokuratura ji\u017e obvinila ministra infrastruktury Jo\u00e3o Galambu a policie prohledala Costovo ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00eddlo, n\u011bkolik ministerstev a zadr\u017eela n\u011bkolik osob bl\u00edzk\u00fdch premi\u00e9rovi. Costovi, kter\u00fd vl\u00e1dl Portugalsku od roku 2015 a byl nejd\u00e9le slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edm evropsk\u00fdm premi\u00e9rem, se poda\u0159ilo p\u0159il\u00e1kat investice a obnovit fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed stabilitu zem\u011b po letech \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla zavedena v reakci na evropskou dluhovou krizi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1\u0161 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ehled tisku o st\u0159edn\u00ed a jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Display Europe. Po celosv\u011btov\u00e9 krizi v letech 2008-2009 USA p\u0159edstihuj\u00ed r\u016fst EU a b\u00fdval\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy zaost\u00e1vaj\u00ed dokonce za pr\u016fm\u011brem EU. It\u00e1lie vystupuje z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 Nov\u00e9 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky, zat\u00edmco Portugalsko o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9 volby v r\u00e1mci p\u0159echodn\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":17308,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-17329","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/17329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17308"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17329"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=17329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}