{"id":18961,"date":"2023-12-20T10:13:08","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T09:13:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/evropska-pomocna-ruka-pro-svobodu-tisku\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:42:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:42:30","slug":"a-evropska-pomocna-ruka-pro-svobodu-tisku","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/a-evropska-pomocna-ruka-pro-svobodu-tisku\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropsk\u00e1 pomocn\u00e1 ruka pro svobodu tisku"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159ed n\u011bkolika dny, kdy\u017e jsme sed\u011bli u stolu a pov\u00eddali si o r\u016fzn\u00fdch profes\u00edch, moje dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed dcera, st\u00e1le m\u00edrn\u011b rozru\u0161en\u00e1, \u0159ekla: „Tati, ty jsi chytr\u00fd, tolik toho v\u00ed\u0161… tak pro\u010d jsi novin\u00e1\u0159.“ „A pro\u010d jsi novin\u00e1\u0159?“ zeptal jsem se. Kdy\u017e m\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed a zd\u011b\u0161en\u00ed opadlo, pronesl jsem obvyklou v\u011btu o v\u00fdznamu \u017eurnalistiky pro demokracii a o tom, \u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje ob\u010dan\u016fm \u010dinit zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 a informovan\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, ani\u017e by se mi ji poda\u0159ilo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit. Je pravda, \u017ee je to teenagerka a jej\u00ed zapojen\u00ed do spole\u010dnosti je teprve v plenk\u00e1ch, ale jej\u00ed pozn\u00e1mka m\u011b p\u0159im\u011bla p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o tom, jak mlad\u00ed a ne tak mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 vn\u00edmaj\u00ed \u017eurnalistiku a jej\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli. Vzpomn\u011bl jsem si tak\u00e9 na to, co \u0159ekla nositelka Nobelovy ceny m\u00edru Oleksandra Matviichuk<\/strong> v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m projevu na Cen\u00e1ch Report\u00e9r\u016f bez hranic<\/strong> (RSF) za svobodu tisku, nyn\u00ed zve\u0159ejnil<\/a> by Voxeurop<\/em><\/strong>: „Mnoho lid\u00ed, dokonce i ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch demokraci\u00edch, si neuv\u011bdomuje v\u00fdznam svobody tisku. „<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuto tendenci potvrzuj\u00ed i nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy<\/a> organizace RSF, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed „erozi“ svobody tisku v Evrop\u011b s velk\u00fdmi rozd\u00edly mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v d\u016fsledku n\u00e1sil\u00ed a represivn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je zt\u00ed\u017eit pr\u00e1ci novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v polarizaci<\/a> ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed (i kdy\u017e ne tak polarizovan\u00e9, jak bychom se mohli ob\u00e1vat, pozn\u00e1mky<\/a> Caroline de Gruyter<\/strong> v EUobserver<\/a><\/em><\/strong>), jej\u00ed\u017e \u010d\u00e1st se b\u011bhem pandemie Covid-19<\/a> zvrhla v bezprecedentn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed. Stejn\u011b jako elity, kter\u00e9 populist\u00e9 nen\u00e1vid\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed i m\u00e9dia k obl\u00edben\u00fdm ter\u010d\u016fm autokrat\u016f. Investigativn\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159i jsou zase p\u0159edm\u011btem gag orders<\/a> (SLAPP postupy), jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je zastra\u0161it je, jak vysv\u011btluj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci Francesca Carrington<\/strong> a Justin Borg-Barthet<\/strong> v The Conversation<\/a><\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm za ostatn\u00edmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi institucemi a ve stop\u00e1ch Rady Evropy se EU ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let zavazuje k obran\u011b svobody tisku (co\u017e je shodou okolnost\u00ed jedn\u00edm z posl\u00e1n\u00ed Rady). \u010cin\u00ed tak prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00ed podpory<\/a> medi\u00e1ln\u00edch projekt\u016f (jako je European Data Journalism Network<\/a>, jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dlenem je i Voxeurop<\/em> ) a regulace tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eeme j\u00ed pod\u011bkovat za sm\u011brnici proti SLAPP<\/a> a ned\u00e1vno za Z\u00e1kon o svobod\u011b m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/a> (MFA), jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je pos\u00edlit redak\u010dn\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost redakc\u00ed, zabr\u00e1nit politick\u00fdm a ekonomick\u00fdm z\u00e1sah\u016fm a omezit rizika vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed z koncentrace m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli tato dv\u011b opat\u0159en\u00ed maj\u00ed tu v\u00fdhodu, \u017ee nab\u00edzej\u00ed dodate\u010dnou ochranu novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f a svobody tisku, trp\u00ed tak\u00e9 typick\u00fdmi kompromisy, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u00fdsledkem zdlouhav\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi org\u00e1ny EU a \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. Nap\u0159\u00edklad verze sm\u011brnice proti SLAPP schv\u00e1len\u00e1<\/a> posledn\u011b jmenovan\u00fdm koncem listopadu 2023 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za „zna\u010dn\u011b oslabenou“ a m\u00edj\u00ed se s „p\u016fvodn\u00edm c\u00edlem legislativy: chr\u00e1nit novin\u00e1\u0159e a pr\u00e1vo na informace v Evropsk\u00e9 unii“, podle<\/a> n\u011bkolika evropsk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed h\u00e1j\u00edc\u00edch novin\u00e1\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co se t\u00fd\u010de makrofinan\u010dn\u00ed pomoci, 15. prosince \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Evropsk\u00fd parlament dos\u00e1hly dohody<\/a> o kone\u010dn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed. Tento dokument, kter\u00fd RSF pova\u017euje za „slibn\u00fd<\/a>„, je v\u00fdsledkem dlouh\u00e9ho p\u0159etahov\u00e1n\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli sehr\u00e1ly organizace zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed se svobodou tisku, a to tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 vl\u00e1d\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 se necht\u011bly vzd\u00e1t sv\u00fdch v\u00fdsad. Zve\u0159ejnit<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, Investigate Europe<\/em><\/strong><\/a> a Sledovat pen\u00edze<\/em><\/strong><\/a> maj\u00ed odhalil<\/a> p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Francie<\/a>, Ma\u010farsko<\/a>, It\u00e1lie<\/a>, Finsko<\/a>, \u0158ecko<\/a>, Kypr<\/a>, Malta<\/a> a \u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/a>, „torp\u00e9dovat“ MZV t\u00edm, \u017ee „aktivn\u011b vedou kampa\u0148 za povolen\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f ve jm\u00e9nu ‚n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti'“, co\u017e jen potvrzuje v\u00fdznam investigativn\u00ed \u017eurnalistiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dten\u00ed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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85 % lid\u00ed se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 online dezinformac\u00ed, zjistil glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fzkum<\/strong><\/a><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Jon Henley | The Guardian<\/em> | 7. listopadu | CZ<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

„Podle celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu se v\u00edce ne\u017e 85 % lid\u00ed ob\u00e1v\u00e1 dopadu dezinformac\u00ed na internetu a 87 % se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee ji\u017e po\u0161kodily politiku jejich zem\u011b.“ Dezinformace ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed \u0159adu oblast\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b politiky, zdravotnictv\u00ed a obecn\u00fdch informac\u00ed, a vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed obavy z jejich schopnosti manipulovat n\u00e1zory a ovliv\u0148ovat individu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed, p\u00ed\u0161e Jon Henley. Autor poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci pr\u016fzkumu vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed pot\u0159ebu d\u016frazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed proti tomuto trendu a vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti technologick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, m\u00e9di\u00ed a vl\u00e1d za regulaci a filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed dezinformac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Od Bollor\u00e9ho po K\u0159et\u00ednsk\u00e9ho, mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd vliv v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch francouzsk\u00fdch kapitalist\u016f<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Herv\u00e9 Nathan | Alternatives Economiques<\/em> | 20. listopadu | FR<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Mogulov\u00e9 jako Vincent Bollor\u00e9 a Daniel K\u0159et\u00ednsk\u00fd<\/a> z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed moc v \u0159ad\u011b hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, od pr\u016fmyslu po tisk. Tato koncentrace vlivu ovliv\u0148uje medi\u00e1ln\u00ed a politickou krajinu ve Francii i mimo ni. Vincent Bollor\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm spole\u010dnosti Vivendi ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed imp\u00e9rium a ovliv\u0148uje francouzsk\u00e1 i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u00e9dia. Podobn\u011b Daniel K\u0159et\u00ednsk\u00fd ned\u00e1vno roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il sv\u016fj vliv investicemi do \u0159ady hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch a medi\u00e1ln\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00ed ve Francii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon o „ochran\u011b suverenity“ nem\u016f\u017ee zastra\u0161it nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 m\u00e9dia<\/strong><\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
VSquare<\/em> | 13. prosince | CZ<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Podle spole\u010dn\u00e9ho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vydala \u0159ada ma\u010farsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed, sice z\u00e1kon o „ochran\u011b suverenity“, kter\u00fd byl ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ijat<\/a> v Ma\u010farsku, v\u00fdslovn\u011b neupravuje fungov\u00e1n\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b omez\u00ed svobodu tisku a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b zt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed, ne-li znemo\u017en\u00ed, nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm redakc\u00edm, novin\u00e1\u0159\u016fm a medi\u00e1ln\u00edm spole\u010dnostem vykon\u00e1vat jejich pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Unesco zve\u0159ejnilo pokyny k regulaci soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed <\/strong><\/a> <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Zeynep Yirmibe\u015fo\u011flu | Netzpolitik<\/em> | 29. listopadu | DE<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kulturn\u00ed organizace nyn\u00ed hovo\u0159\u00ed o „informa\u010dn\u00ed krizi“ a chce ji napravit pomoc\u00ed pokyn\u016f pro spr\u00e1vu digit\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem. Po dlouh\u00e9m konzulta\u010dn\u00edm procesu, do n\u011bho\u017e se zapojilo v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 000 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f ze 134 zem\u00ed, zve\u0159ejnila sedm z\u00e1sad, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed povinnost sv\u011bdomit\u011b dodr\u017eovat Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed listinu lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a pravideln\u011b ov\u011b\u0159ovat jej\u00ed dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch a transparentn\u00edch regula\u010dn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed \u00fazce spolupracovat, moderov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu ve v\u0161ech regionech a jazyc\u00edch, transparentnost algoritm\u016f a p\u0159ijet\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed b\u011bhem citliv\u00fdch obdob\u00ed, jako jsou volby a krize.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u010dkoli posledn\u00ed t\u00fddny nebyly nijak p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9, do\u0161lo alespo\u0148 k mal\u00e9mu pokroku v oblasti svobody tisku v Evrop\u011b. P\u0159ijet\u00ed dvou ost\u0159e diskutovan\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed na \u00farovni EU nastav\u00ed nov\u00fd kurz pro nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed roky, a to na pozad\u00ed nepopirateln\u011b chmurn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a politick\u00e9 situace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":18886,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-18961","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/18961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18961"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=18961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}