{"id":22031,"date":"2024-01-24T12:15:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-24T11:15:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/ano-potratum-ne-depardieuovi-pravo-versus-praxe\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:40:43","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:40:43","slug":"ano-potratum-ne-depardieu-zakonu-proti-praktice","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/ano-potratum-ne-depardieu-zakonu-proti-praktice\/","title":{"rendered":"Ano potrat\u016fm, ne Depardieuovi. Z\u00e1kon versus praxe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee debata, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala v roce 2023, skon\u010d\u00ed 5. b\u0159ezna. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b souhlasu t\u0159\u00ed p\u011btin poslanc\u016f budou potraty zakotveny ve francouzsk\u00e9 \u00fastav\u011b, co\u017e je sv\u011btov\u00fd unik\u00e1t, jak Lib\u00e9ration<\/em><\/strong> uv\u00e1d\u00ed Marl\u00e8ne Thomas<\/strong> zpr\u00e1vy<\/a>. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9m kontextu jde o kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd symbolick\u00fd krok, kter\u00fd n\u00e1sleduje po rozhodnut\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu USA <\/a> o zru\u0161en\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u00e1va na potrat<\/a> . Samotn\u00fdm smyslem reformy je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b zt\u00ed\u017eit zru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona, co\u017e se stane p\u0159edm\u011btem \u00fastavn\u00ed reformy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli je potrat v\u0161ude v Evrop\u011b leg\u00e1ln\u00ed, n\u011bkdy se jedn\u00e1 o \u010dist\u011b form\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v It\u00e1lii je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9 podstoupit potrat<\/a> jak Annalisa Camilli<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje na Internazionale<\/em><\/strong>, a to kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9mu po\u010dtu odp\u016frc\u016f potrat\u016f z d\u016fvodu sv\u011bdom\u00ed. D\u00e1le jsou tu p\u0159\u00edpady v Polsku<\/a> a v Malt\u011b<\/a>, kde je potrat mo\u017en\u00fd pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed, nebo kdy\u017e je ohro\u017een \u017eivot matky. (OpenPolis <\/em><\/strong>zpracoval p\u0159ehled<\/a> pr\u00e1v na potrat v Evrop\u011b).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se v Francii<\/a> hovo\u0159\u00ed o „zaru\u010den\u00ed svobody“ podstoupit interrupci, feministky by rad\u011bji v textu uvedly „pr\u00e1vo na interrupci“, jak Juliette B\u00e9n\u00e9zit<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje<\/a> na Le Monde<\/em><\/strong>. P\u0159esto n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm krokem vp\u0159ed, kter\u00fdm se prezident Emmanuel Macron hojn\u011b chlubil: „Pr\u00e1va \u017een jsou v\u017edy k\u0159ehk\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm,“ uvedl kdy\u017e citoval pr\u00e1vni\u010dku Gis\u00e8le Halimi, kter\u00e9 je boj za legalizaci potrat\u016f<\/a> ve Francii vd\u011b\u010den.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Renaud D\u00e9ly<\/strong> na FranceInfo<\/strong> se pt\u00e1<\/a> zda se nejedn\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e o politick\u00fd tah: „Mitterrand bude nav\u017edy spojov\u00e1n se zru\u0161en\u00edm trestu smrti, Giscard s dekriminalizac\u00ed potrat\u016f a Hollande s rovnost\u00ed man\u017eelstv\u00ed. Macron zat\u00edm uskute\u010dnil pouze jednu reformu takov\u00e9ho rozsahu: p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed rovn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu<\/a> k metod\u00e1m l\u00e9ka\u0159sky asistovan\u00e9 reprodukce<\/a>, co\u017e byl krok, kter\u00fd byl n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t odlo\u017een a se kter\u00fdm se zach\u00e1zelo velmi opatrn\u011b. Prezident […] se sna\u017e\u00ed, ne\u017e bude pozd\u011b, vytvo\u0159it dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, ani\u017e by p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 riskoval. Podle IFOP<\/a> je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9 z 10 Francouz\u016f pro za\u0159azen\u00ed pr\u00e1va na potrat do \u00fastavy.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stejn\u011b jako v It\u00e1lii je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch regionech Francie nesm\u00edrn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9, dostat se k potratu, jak Romain Imbach<\/strong> et Assma Maad<\/strong> \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed<\/a> v Le Monde<\/em><\/strong>. Za posledn\u00edch 15 let bylo z d\u016fvodu sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fddaj\u016f uzav\u0159eno 130 ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch center pro pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed rodiny. Za posledn\u00edch deset let bylo uzav\u0159eno 45 nemocni\u010dn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edch potraty (a dal\u0161\u00ed slu\u017eby).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edpad Depardieu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V prosinci 2023<\/a> Emmanuel Macron prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee prob\u00edh\u00e1 „hon na \u010darod\u011bjnice“ proti mu\u017ei, kter\u00fd – zat\u00edm – \u010del\u00ed t\u0159em obvin\u011bn\u00edm<\/a> ze zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed a sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho napaden\u00ed. T\u00edm mu\u017eem je G\u00e9rard Depardieu, nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejl\u00e9pe placen\u00fd francouzsk\u00fd herec, kter\u00fd se pravideln\u011b objevuje na tituln\u00edch stran\u00e1ch novin kv\u016fli nevhodn\u00fdm v\u00fdrok\u016fm, \u010din\u016fm zasluhuj\u00edc\u00edm trestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> nebo rozhodnut\u00ed neplatit ve Francii dan\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontroverze, kter\u00e1 mu vynesla podporu francouzsk\u00e9ho prezidenta, m\u00e1 na sv\u011bdom\u00ed Compl\u00e9ment d’enqu\u00eate<\/em><\/a> vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuj\u00edc\u00ed video nato\u010den\u00e9 b\u011bhem cesty do Severn\u00ed Koreje<\/a> kde herec pron\u00e1\u0161\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed a sexualizuj\u00edc\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e, a to i na adresu mal\u00e9 hol\u010di\u010dky. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed Mediapart<\/em><\/strong> vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed Marine Turchi<\/strong> sb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> sv\u011bdectv\u00ed 13 \u017een, kter\u00e9 herce obvi\u0148uj\u00ed ze sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne 25. prosince se na internetov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch konzervativn\u00edho den\u00edku Le Figaro<\/em><\/strong> objevil dopis<\/a> na podporu Depardieu, kter\u00fd podepsalo n\u011bkolik osobnost\u00ed z\u00e1bavn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu. N\u011bkolik signat\u00e1\u0159\u016f pozd\u011bji svou podporu st\u00e1hlo pot\u00e9, co vy\u0161lo najevo, \u017ee osoba, kter\u00e1 petici sepsala a spustila, Yannis Ezziadi<\/a>, m\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e9 vazby na krajn\u00ed pravici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed polsk\u00e1 sociolo\u017eka El\u017ebieta Korolczuk<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje<\/a> v Voxeurop<\/em><\/strong>, t\u00e9mata genderu a feminismu jsou v centru reak\u010dn\u00edho pravicov\u00e9ho diskurzu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zm\u011bna z\u00e1kon\u016f je mo\u017en\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, ale na zm\u011bn\u011b kulturn\u00edch a politick\u00fdch paradigmat tak\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed – a to hodn\u011b. Obhajoba potrat\u016f se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt „snadn\u00e1“ v zemi, kde v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nehroz\u00ed, \u017ee by tato svoboda byla zru\u0161ena. N\u00e1sil\u00ed na \u017een\u00e1ch se naproti tomu zd\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, kdy\u017e se t\u00fdk\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bka z va\u0161\u00ed vlastn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kon je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd, ale nesta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti stoj\u00ed za to p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst si poutav\u00fd a polemick\u00fd rozhovor v Voxeurop<\/em><\/strong>s chorvatskou badatelkou Janou Kujund\u017ei\u0107<\/strong><\/a>, ve kter\u00e9m argumentuje<\/a> \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed chorvatsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy u\u010dinit z vra\u017edy \u017een trestn\u00fd \u010din je nedostate\u010dn\u00e9, kdy\u017e mocensk\u00e9 struktury z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nezm\u011bn\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skand\u00e1ly sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v polsk\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch: p\u0159\u00edpad Marcina K\u0105ck\u00e9ho <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edpad Marcina K\u0105ck\u00e9ho vyvolal v Polsku bou\u0159livou diskusi. Novin\u00e1\u0159 – kter\u00fd paradoxn\u011b z\u00edskal n\u011bkolik ocen\u011bn\u00ed za svou investigativn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci v p\u0159\u00edpadech sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho a sexistick\u00e9ho zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed – zve\u0159ejnil v Gazeta Wyborcza<\/em><\/strong> zpov\u011b\u010f o sv\u00e9m nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010destn\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed k \u017een\u00e1m, v n\u00ed\u017e p\u0159iznal, \u017ee \u010dasto p\u0159ekra\u010doval meze slu\u0161nosti (a z\u00e1kona), a nab\u00eddl ve\u0159ejnou omluvu. Dopis, kter\u00fd byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159ijat s pochvalou, byl pozd\u011bji sta\u017een<\/a>, co\u017e vedlo k odvol\u00e1n\u00ed K\u0105ck\u00e9ho pot\u00e9, co jedna z osob, kter\u00e9 obt\u011b\u017eoval, novin\u00e1\u0159ka Karolina Rogaska<\/strong>, p\u0159i\u0161la s dal\u0161\u00edmi podrobnostmi. Ragoska odhaluje, \u017ee o t\u00e9to z\u00e1le\u017eitosti se ji\u017e v\u011bd\u011blo a vedla k tich\u00e9mu odvol\u00e1n\u00ed K\u0105ck\u00e9ho ze \u0161koly, kde u\u010dil. Tvrd\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee K\u0105ck\u00e9ho p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed je \u0161ar\u00e1da nebo snaha chr\u00e1nit s\u00e1m sebe, Pozn\u00e1mky pro Polsko<\/em><\/strong> zpr\u00e1vy<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle novin\u00e1\u0159e Kata Puta<\/strong> je tato af\u00e9ra p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm znamen\u00edm, \u017ee se situace m\u011bn\u00ed. V Krytyka Polityczna<\/em><\/strong> n\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a> \u017ee „i kdyby K\u0105ckiho zpov\u011b\u010f byla narcistick\u00e1 a slep\u00e1 k perspektiv\u011b ob\u011bt\u00ed (a to je), i kdyby byla naps\u00e1na sp\u00ed\u0161e ze strachu ne\u017e z up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e9 l\u00edtosti (to nev\u00edme), samotn\u00fd fakt, \u017ee se tak stalo, ukazuje, \u017ee dnes jsme ve zcela jin\u00e9 situaci ne\u017e p\u0159ed #MeToo“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za studie z roku 2023<\/a> proveden\u00e9 Fundacja Instytut Zamenhofa<\/strong> na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdpov\u011bd\u00ed 268 polsk\u00fdch novin\u00e1\u0159ek vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee 60 % z nich se n\u011bkdy v \u017eivot\u011b stalo ob\u011bt\u00ed sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed a souhlasu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Diskuze o souhlasu a zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed v evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, o nich\u017e jsme diskutovali<\/a> minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc, pokra\u010duje. Za pozornost stoj\u00ed zejm\u00e9na otev\u0159en\u00fd dopis Marty Asensio<\/strong><\/a>, aktivistky organizace WeMove, kter\u00e1 kampan\u00ed na toto t\u00e9ma<\/a> spole\u010dn\u011b s Evropskou \u017eenskou lobby. Mezit\u00edm v Krytyce Politycznej<\/em><\/strong>, Marcin Anaszewicz<\/strong> Sylwia Spurek<\/strong> e Barbara Wo\u0142k<\/strong> v\u00fdzva<\/a>&nbsppro Polsko, aby zavedlo souhlas jako krit\u00e9rium do definice zn\u00e1siln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jak v Rusku vznikla tajn\u00e1 banka antikoncep\u010dn\u00edch pilulek<\/a> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Holod Media<\/em> | 28. prosince 2023  | RU<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Rusku se omezen\u00ed potrat\u016f dot\u00fdkaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupu k nouzov\u00e9 antikoncepci. V reakci na to feministick\u00e9 aktivistky v n\u011bkolika m\u011bstech vytvo\u0159ily tajn\u00e9 z\u00e1soby pohotovostn\u00edch antikoncep\u010dn\u00edch pilulek. Informuje o tom nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 rusk\u00e9 m\u00e9dium Holod, kter\u00e9 zalo\u017eila novin\u00e1\u0159ka Taisija Bekbulatovov\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co d\u011blat po krizi mu\u017estv\u00ed <\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Andrzej Leder | Znak<\/em> | leden 2024 | PL (paywall)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poutav\u00e1 esej filozofa a psychoanalytika Andrzeje Ledera<\/a> sleduje d\u011bjiny dominance. V 19. stolet\u00ed p\u0159evl\u00e1dala soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nerovnost mezi d\u011bln\u00edky a kapit\u00e1lem. Dnes se do pop\u0159ed\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 nerovnost mezi pohlav\u00edmi. Ve st\u00ednu velk\u00e9 feministick\u00e9 revoluce, kter\u00e1 postupn\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed charakter kultury a spole\u010dnosti na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Severu, se objevuje krize maskulinity. „Pro n\u011bkoho je to prost\u011b „v\u00fdk\u0159ik zran\u011bn\u00e9ho patriarch\u00e1tu“, pro jin\u00e9 je to katastrofa, kter\u00e1 postihuje – koneckonc\u016f – polovinu lidstva“. A dopady nejsou rovnom\u011brn\u00e9: jsou mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k imagin\u00e1rn\u00ed dominanci, a jin\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou vylou\u010deni. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Skand\u00e1l G\u00e9rarda Depardieu ve Francii, ot\u00e1zka potrat\u016f v Evrop\u011b, p\u0159\u00edpad Marcina K\u0105ck\u00e9ho v Polsku: jsou \u017eensk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va vzn\u00e1\u0161ena jen tehdy, kdy\u017e se to politicky hod\u00ed? N\u00e1\u0161 p\u0159ehled tisku, s Display Europe.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21913,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-22031","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/22031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22031"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=22031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}