{"id":22055,"date":"2024-01-16T13:47:28","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T12:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/2024-rok-migrace-v-dobrem-i-zlem\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:40:55","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:40:55","slug":"2024-rok-migrace-v-dobrem-i-zlem","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/2024-rok-migrace-v-dobrem-i-zlem\/","title":{"rendered":"2024, rok migrace – v dobr\u00e9m i zl\u00e9m"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V mainstreamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00edch ji\u017e n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1 progn\u00f3za: migrace bude velk\u00fdm t\u00e9matem roku 2024. A\u010dkoli se jedn\u00e1 o sebenapl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se proroctv\u00ed, pr\u016fzkumy ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee tato p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed velmi re\u00e1ln\u00fd duch doby. Podle pr\u016fzkumu Eurobarometru<\/a> zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9ho v prosinci 2023 pova\u017euje 28 % Evropan\u016f imigraci za jeden ze dvou hlavn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm Evropsk\u00e1 unie<\/a> \u010del\u00ed, vedle v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Je pravda, \u017ee toto t\u00e9ma se objevuje<\/a> na tituln\u00edch stran\u00e1ch novin v ka\u017ed\u00e9m volebn\u00edm roce. Leto\u0161n\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 \u010dervnov\u00e9 volby do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu<\/a> se v\u0161ak budou konat ve znamen\u00ed pr\u016flomu krajn\u00ed pravice na<\/a> cel\u00e9m kontinentu. O to v\u00edce m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt toto t\u00e9ma v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Celoevropsk\u00fd kon\u00ed\u010dek<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

„Jen m\u00e1lo t\u00e9mat m\u011blo v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce takov\u00fd vliv na spole\u010densk\u00fd diskurz jako migrace,“ uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a> Lucia Schultenov\u00e1 pro n\u011bmeckou televizn\u00ed stanici. \n Deutsche Welle<\/em>\n<\/a> (DW). „V nov\u00e9m roce bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b op\u011bt dominovat agend\u011b EU.“<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina? Svou roli hraje i n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o azyl<\/a> v n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch a \u010detn\u00e9 dohody, kter\u00e9 EU podepsala se zem\u011bmi, je\u017e by mohly omezit migraci ve St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed<\/a> – Tuniskem,<\/a> Liby\u00ed<\/a> a Tureckem<\/a>. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se chyst\u00e1 reforma evropsk\u00e9 politiky p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed migrant\u016f. \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty dos\u00e1hly dohody v polovin\u011b prosince a bal\u00ed\u010dek by m\u011bly p\u0159ijmout v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b roku 2024.<\/p>\n\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee chu\u0165 Evropy \u0159e\u0161it migraci se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed i jinou logikou: „Neofici\u00e1ln\u011b se v Bruselu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee dohoda o azylov\u00e9 politice byla nutn\u00e1, aby se zpomalil vzestup pravicov\u00fdch populist\u016f,“ uv\u00e1d\u00ed Schulten. „Migrace \u010dasto hr\u00e1la v mnoha \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech v\u00fdznamnou politickou roli v pr\u016fzkumech ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed,“ upozor\u0148uje, ale dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee odborn\u00edci „jsou skepti\u010dt\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee nov\u00e1 azylov\u00e1 pravidla mohou p\u0159isp\u011bt k tomu, aby se tato ot\u00e1zka stala m\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdbu\u0161nou, proto\u017ee realita je takov\u00e1, \u017ee migrace bude pokra\u010dovat.“<\/p>\n\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee na vrcholu Evropy se utu\u017euje strach z krajn\u00ed pravice. „Po \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edGeerta Wilderse<\/a> v nizozemsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch evropsk\u00e9 elity nerv\u00f3zn\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed politickou sc\u00e9nu a hledaj\u00ed n\u00e1znaky toho, co p\u0159ijde – v\u010detn\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdch v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed krajn\u011b pravicov\u00fdch kandid\u00e1t\u016f,“ potvrzuj\u00ed<\/a> Clea Caulcuttov\u00e1 a Nicholas Vinocur pro Politico. A jejich obavy nejsou neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9: „V t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 des\u00edtce evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Francie a N\u011bmecka, jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v \u010dele pr\u016fzkum\u016f nebo t\u011bsn\u011b na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b tvrd\u00e9 protiimigra\u010dn\u00ed strany, z nich\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou je\u0161t\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Wilders.“<\/p>\n\n

Caulcutt a Vinocur poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9 strany t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z plod\u016f dlouh\u00e9ho procesu normalizace ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. Ale nejen to: „Pro n\u011bkolik analytik\u016f je imigrace… V\u00e1lka mezi Ham\u00e1sem a Izraelem<\/a>, \u00fanava z mainstreamov\u00fdch stran a nejistota z v\u00e1lky v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu. Ukrajina<\/a> se pro evropsk\u00e9 krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9 strany m\u011bn\u00ed v neb\u00fdvalou souhru hv\u011bzd, proto\u017ee mnoh\u00e9 z nich se sna\u017e\u00ed zaujmout st\u0159edovou pozici.“ Oba novin\u00e1\u0159i z Politico maj\u00ed o strategii, kterou n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, pochybnosti: „Proevropsk\u00fdm, centristick\u00fdm stran\u00e1m se zat\u00edm nepoda\u0159ilo p\u0159ib\u00edt spr\u00e1vnou odpov\u011b\u010f. [to the rise of the far right], bu\u010f se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m, nebo se sna\u017e\u00ed napodobovat krajn\u00ed pravici.“<\/p>\n\n

O\u017eebra\u010d bli\u017en\u00edho sv\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Dostat se z probl\u00e9m\u016f kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm krajn\u00ed pravice nen\u00ed nov\u00e1 strategie, ale je kontraproduktivn\u00ed a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, tvrd\u00ed<\/a> expertka na migraci Zoe Gardnerov\u00e1 pro The New European. Za p\u0159\u00edklad si bere Velkou<\/a>Brit\u00e1nii<\/a>, kde konzervativn\u00ed premi\u00e9r Rishi Sunak<\/a> u\u010dinil z boje proti neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed imigraci sv\u016fj hlavn\u00ed boj, a to i za cenu prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9 nejalarmisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed r\u00e9toriky.<\/p>\n\n

16. prosince „Sunak pronesl na pravicov\u00e9m politick\u00e9m shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v It\u00e1lii projev<\/a>, z n\u011bho\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b mrazilo“, p\u00ed\u0161e Gardner. „Varoval, \u017ee bez jeho radik\u00e1ln\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed bude Evropa „zahlcena“.“<\/p>\n\n

T\u00f3n byl z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b zhoubn\u00fd, domn\u00edv\u00e1 se Gardner. P\u0159edstavov\u00e1n\u00ed migrace jako existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozby pro Z\u00e1pad m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit k ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bch nejhor\u0161\u00edch politik: „Kdy\u017e jde o na\u0161e p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jako civilizace, \u00fa\u010del ospravedl\u0148uje v\u0161echny prost\u0159edky.“<\/p>\n\n

Riskantn\u00ed strategie<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Porazit reakcion\u00e1\u0159e na jejich vlastn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed? Je to zaj\u00edmav\u00fd krok. V ot\u00e1zce migrace maj\u00ed pravice a krajn\u00ed pravice tendenci se sbli\u017eovat, jak uk\u00e1zal ve Francii<\/a> n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona na toto t\u00e9ma projedn\u00e1van\u00fd v prosinci 2023. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd byl kritizov\u00e1n za drastick\u00e9 zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednek p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed na francouzsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b<\/a>, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00ed za v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed Marine Le Penov\u00e9<\/a>, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo p\u0159i hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v parlamentu velkou v\u00e1hu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

„Hanba“, „ostuda“, „ztroskot\u00e1n\u00ed“… Neexistuj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00e1 slova, kter\u00e1 by popsala tuto katastrofu imigra\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, jeho\u017e ultraradik\u00e1ln\u00ed verze byla nakonec 19. prosince odhlasov\u00e1na v Sen\u00e1tu a pot\u00e9 v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed,“ rozohnila se<\/a> Sandrine Foulonov\u00e1, redaktorka francouzsk\u00e9 publikace \n Alternatives Economiques<\/em>\n<\/a>. Tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee bojujeme proti krajn\u00ed pravici, nen\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou pro spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u00ed, jak ukazuje<\/a> francouzsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad.V\u00fdzvy ke klidu a zdrav\u00e9mu rozumu<\/a> v t\u00e9to vyhrocen\u00e9 politick\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nenajdou m\u00edsto. Vzhledem k migra\u010dn\u00edm trag\u00e9di\u00edm posledn\u00edho roku a p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu probl\u00e9mu s d\u016fstojn\u00fdm ubytov\u00e1n\u00edm migrant\u016f se zd\u00e1, \u017ee toto t\u00e9ma z\u016fstane. P\u0159ed volbami do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu je i nad\u00e1le nal\u00e9hav\u011b zapot\u0159eb\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 debata o ot\u00e1zce p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed migrant\u016f. Souhlas s reak\u010dn\u00edmi n\u00e1zory, alarmistick\u00e1 r\u00e9torika a vzestup krajn\u00ed pravice v\u0161ak nev\u011bst\u00ed nic dobr\u00e9ho pro v\u00fdsledek t\u00e9to debaty.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

O migraci a azylu<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

<\/strong><\/a>Cesta dom\u016f<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Olena Jermakov\u00e1 | Eurozine | 11. prosince | CZ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Ukrajinsk\u00fdm migrant\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed opustili svou zemi po rusk\u00e9 invazi, p\u0159inesl odchod do zahrani\u010d\u00ed pohodl\u00ed – a tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Od za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky se vyhnanci pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed se zm\u011bnou vztah\u016f s hostitelsk\u00fdmi komunitami, s ostatn\u00edmi uprchl\u00edky i s p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi ve vlasti. Spolu s nimi se m\u011bn\u00ed cel\u00e1 ukrajinsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, domn\u00edv\u00e1 se Olena Jermakov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

<\/strong><\/a>Pro\u010d Evropa st\u00e1le usiluje o „rovnocennou spolupr\u00e1ci“ s pochybn\u00fdmi re\u017eimy v Africe?<\/a><\/strong> <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Evelyn Groenink | Mondiaal Nieuws | 6. prosince | NL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

To je vysoce aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zka, kterou polo\u017eila Evelyn Groeninkov\u00e1. Zat\u00edmco se Afrika pomalu m\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u011bzen\u00ed, vl\u00e1dy EU se st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00fdkaj\u00ed s nedemokratick\u00fdmi re\u017eimy a pov\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed je kontrolou migrace.<\/p>\n\n

– Adrian Burtin<\/a><\/p>\n\n

P\u0159elo\u017eil Harry Bowden<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi se o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdmi volbami do EU se zd\u00e1, \u017ee velk\u00fdm volebn\u00edm t\u00e9matem bude letos migrace. A zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee debatu zachycuje s\u00edl\u00edc\u00ed krajn\u00ed pravice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20726,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-22055","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/22055","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22055"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22055"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=22055"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}