{"id":25178,"date":"2024-02-15T11:00:06","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T10:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=25178"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:39:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:39:45","slug":"agroprumyslova-oligarchie-a-udrzitelne-zemedelstvi-protesty-evropskych-farmaru","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/agroprumyslova-oligarchie-a-udrzitelne-zemedelstvi-protesty-evropskych-farmaru\/","title":{"rendered":"Agropr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 oligarchie a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed: protesty evropsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 stezce. „N\u00e1kaza nebo n\u00e1hoda?“  Lola Garc\u00eda-Ajofr\u00edn<\/strong> se pt\u00e1<\/a> ve \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9m El Confidencial<\/em><\/strong>: „Obr\u00e1zky z Rumunsko<\/a> jsou velmi podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm z N\u011bmecka<\/a>, kde za\u010d\u00e1tkem ledna desetitis\u00edce lid\u00ed zablokovaly sv\u00fdmi traktory d\u00e1lnice. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u0161lo o protesty proti s\u00e9rii \u0161krt\u016f v dotac\u00edch na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 vozidla a pohonn\u00e9 hmoty. Protesty se tak\u00e9 podobaj\u00ed t\u011bm v Toulouse (Francie<\/a>) a Irsku<\/a>, kde zem\u011bd\u011blci pochodovali s kravami, nebo t\u011bm v Polsku<\/a> a Belgii<\/a> […]. D\u0159\u00edve v Nizozemsku<\/a> \u0161li zem\u011bd\u011blci tak daleko, \u017ee zalo\u017eili stranu a z\u00edskali parlamentn\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed. Od doby, kdy p\u0159ed necel\u00fdm rokem vypukly protesty nizozemsk\u00fdch traktorist\u016f, se podle monitoringu think-tanku Farm Europe konaly zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 protesty ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 15 zem\u00edch EU.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle \u00fadaj\u016f Eurostatu<\/a> z roku 2020 je v Evrop\u011b asi 8,7 milionu zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f, z nich\u017e pouze 11,9 % je mlad\u0161\u00edch 40 let. Toto \u010d\u00edslo p\u0159edstavuje n\u011bco m\u00e1lo p\u0159es 2 procenta voli\u010d\u016f pro nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed volby do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu. Od restrukturalizace zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 spole\u010dnou zem\u011bd\u011blskou politikou (SZP) se po\u010det zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f v EU od roku 2005 sn\u00ed\u017eil o v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etinu, vysv\u011btluje<\/a> Jon Henley<\/strong>, evropsk\u00fd korespondent The Guardian<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Politico.eu<\/em><\/strong> mapa<\/a> ukazuje, kde se protesty konaly a (stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno) z jak\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.“V 11 zem\u00edch EU klesly v\u00fdrobn\u00ed ceny [z\u00e1kladn\u00ed cena, kterou zem\u011bd\u011blci dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed za svou produkci] v letech 2022 a\u017e 2023 o v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 %, pouze v \u0158ecku a na Kypru do\u0161lo k odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmu zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f z prodeje, a to d\u00edky zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 popt\u00e1vce po olivov\u00e9m oleji,“ p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed Hanne Cokelaere<\/strong> a Bartosz Brzezi\u0144ski<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Henley In The Guardian<\/em><\/strong> p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee „krom\u011b toho, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00ed pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1ni t\u00edm, co pova\u017euj\u00ed za bruselskou byrokracii, kter\u00e1 o jejich podnik\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00ed jen m\u00e1lo, si mnoho zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f st\u011b\u017euje, \u017ee se c\u00edt\u00ed b\u00fdt chyceni mezi zd\u00e1nliv\u011b protich\u016fdn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky ve\u0159ejnosti na levn\u00e9 potraviny a postupy \u0161etrn\u00e9 ke klimatu“. Pro mnoh\u00e9 z nich nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou \u00fatrap zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f, ale „konkurence mezi zem\u011bd\u011blci a koncentrace zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch podnik\u016f“, jak se domn\u00edv\u00e1 V\u00e9ronique Marchesseau<\/strong>, farm\u00e1\u0159ka a gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemnice francouzsk\u00e9ho levicov\u00e9ho svazu Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration paysanne, vysv\u011btluje<\/a> v Alternatives Economiques<\/em><\/strong><\/a>. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Nicolas Legendre, novin\u00e1\u0159 specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na toto t\u00e9ma, v rozhovoru s Vert<\/em><\/strong><\/a>, \u017ee existuje tak\u00e9 „nitern\u00fd hn\u011bv \u010d\u00e1sti zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bta v\u016f\u010di ekolog\u016fm (a environmentalismu obecn\u011b), kter\u00fd je \u017eiven n\u011bkter\u00fdmi zem\u011bd\u011blsko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi hr\u00e1\u010di.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli m\u00e1 tisk tendenci informovat o „hnut\u00ed“, zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd sv\u011bt nen\u00ed monolitick\u00fd. Mobilizace evropsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f vych\u00e1z\u00ed z odv\u011btv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se li\u0161\u00ed nejen zp\u016fsoby v\u00fdroby, ale tak\u00e9 sv\u011bton\u00e1zorem, politickou orientac\u00ed, v\u00fd\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Reporterre<\/em><\/strong>, webu specializovan\u00e9m na ekologii a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed boje, kter\u00fd \u010dasto uv\u00e1d\u00edme ve Voxeurop\u011b<\/a>, se dozv\u00edd\u00e1me<\/a> \u017ee ve Francii je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 rozloha farmy 96 hektar\u016f. Arnaud Rousseau, p\u0159edseda FNSEA, v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho svazu francouzsk\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f, vlastn\u00ed farmu o rozloze 700 hektar\u016f. Pro\u010d se zmi\u0148uji o Rousseauovi? Proto\u017ee, abych se vr\u00e1til k ot\u00e1zce hnut\u00ed – koho zastupuj\u00ed a kdo je zastupov\u00e1n – je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zm\u00ednit, kdy\u017e je v\u016fd\u010d\u00edm hlasem protestn\u00edho hnut\u00ed hlas agr\u00e1rn\u00edho oligarchy. A portr\u00e9t\/investigace<\/a> Am\u00e9lie Poinssotov\u00e9 pro Mediapart<\/em><\/strong> objas\u0148uje politick\u00fd rozm\u011br: „Je \u0161\u00e9fem gigantu francouzsk\u00e9 ekonomiky: Avril-Sofiprot\u00e9ol<\/strong>, gigantu takzvan\u00e9ho semenn\u00e9ho oleje a b\u00edlkovinn\u00fdch plodin, kter\u00fd zalo\u017eily odbory. Nejde o nic men\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e o \u010dtvrtou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blskou skupinu ve Francii.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak Ingwar Perowanowitsch vysv\u011btluje<\/a> v taz\u00edch<\/a>, „existuj\u00ed siln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 holdingy, kter\u00e9 ro\u010dn\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed a\u017e 5 milion\u016f eur dotac\u00ed. A jsou mal\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 farmy, kter\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u011bkolik set eur. Existuje chov zv\u00ed\u0159at a p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed. Existuj\u00ed konven\u010dn\u00ed a ekologi\u010dt\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blci. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed pro sv\u011btov\u00fd trh, jin\u00ed pro t\u00fddenn\u00ed trh.“ N\u011bmeck\u00e9 noviny cituj\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blce z Lipska, kter\u00fd pracuje v zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m dru\u017estvu a kter\u00fd se rozhodl v lednu nedemonstrovat kv\u016fli pronik\u00e1n\u00ed krajn\u00ed pravice a proto\u017ee se nec\u00edtil b\u00fdt zastoupen: „Svaz zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f h\u00e1j\u00ed z\u00e1jmy velk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed pro sv\u011btov\u00fd trh, a ne z\u00e1jmy drobn\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.“<\/p>.\n\n\n\n

Zem\u011bd\u011blci a n\u00e1sil\u00ed: dvoj\u00ed metr<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pro belgick\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Alexandera De Croo jsou „mnoh\u00e9 obavy zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9“, jak Le Soir<\/em><\/strong> zpr\u00e1vy<\/a>, v n\u00e1vaznosti na demonstrace, p\u0159i nich\u017e tis\u00edce zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f 1. \u00fanora v Bruselu zapalovaly ohn\u011b a h\u00e1zely vejce na budovu Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu. V El Pais<\/em><\/strong> Marcu Bassetsovi p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a> \u017ee „moc se jich boj\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatelstva se na n\u011b d\u00edv\u00e1 s odstupem a respektem.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento postoj nach\u00e1z\u00ed sv\u016fj vrchol ve Francii, kde je rozd\u00edl v zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s protestuj\u00edc\u00edmi z rukou policie flagrantn\u00ed. Evropa odsoudila<\/a> nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed policie, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v\u016f\u010di Gilets Jaunes, ale tak\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00e9 demonstrace po cel\u00e9 zemi (proti d\u016fchodov\u00e9 reform\u011b<\/a> nebo b\u011bhem po\u0159\u00e1dk\u016f v banlieues<\/a>) a kone\u010dn\u011b pou\u017eit\u00ed 5 000 gran\u00e1t\u016f<\/a> proti „ekoterorist\u016fm<\/a>“ v Sainte-Soline<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V posledn\u00edch dnech zem\u011bd\u011blci nejen zablokovali silnice a d\u00e1lnice nebo vysypali sl\u00e1mu a hn\u016fj, ale tak\u00e9 odp\u00e1lili bombu<\/a> v jedn\u00e9 budov\u011b a zap\u00e1lili<\/a> jinou. Nikdo v\u0161ak nemluv\u00ed o „agroterorismu“ a policie nikdy nezas\u00e1hla. V podstat\u011b naopak<\/a>. Pokud jde o ministra vnitra G\u00e9rarda Darmanina, ten opustil sv\u016fj obvykl\u00fd bojovn\u00fd t\u00f3n, kdy\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159il<\/a> na TF1<\/em><\/strong> m\u00edst\u011b „soucit“ se zem\u011bd\u011blci a prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee „na utrpen\u00ed se nereaguje t\u00edm, \u017ee se po\u0161le CRS [po\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e1 policie], voil\u00e0.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky tolerovaly ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016fm to, co by u jin\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch skupin netolerovaly,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 historik Edouard Lynch<\/strong><\/a>, odborn\u00edk na studium venkova, v rozhovoru pro Lib\u00e9ration<\/em><\/strong>. Nav\u00edc ne v\u0161ichni zem\u011bd\u011blci jsou si rovni: „Dokonce i v r\u00e1mci farm\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch hnut\u00ed se st\u00e1t zam\u011b\u0159uje na men\u0161inov\u00e9 skupiny, jak uk\u00e1zalo potla\u010den\u00ed demonstrac\u00ed proti megabaz\u00e9n\u016fm v Sainte-Soline,“ pokra\u010duje Lynch. Na Arr\u00eat sur Images<\/em><\/strong>,<\/strong> Lynch dod\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a>: „Dnes je [tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 t\u011bmto demonstrac\u00edm] vid\u011bt, jak je n\u00e1sil\u00ed, jeho\u017e jsme byli sv\u011bdky v posledn\u00edch letech, v\u00fdsledkem strategi\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00fdch sil. […] N\u00e1sil\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch hnut\u00ed je vyprovokov\u00e1no str\u00e1\u017eci po\u0159\u00e1dku: jsou p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na rozhodnut\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed ke konfrontaci s c\u00edlem stigmatizovat protivn\u00edka.“ Vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee za t\u00edm stoj\u00ed jak\u00e1si n\u00e1rodn\u00ed mytologie „dobr\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blce, kter\u00fd \u017eiv\u00ed n\u00e1rod“ <\/p>.\n\n\n\n

Lynchovi d\u00e1v\u00e1 reakce<\/a> za pravdu Thin Lei Win<\/strong> v Green European Journal<\/em><\/strong>: existuje „celoevropsky pozitivn\u00ed obraz zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f jako str\u00e1\u017ec\u016f venkovsk\u00fdch tradic a kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 poskytovatel\u016f na\u0161\u00ed ob\u017eivy. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s nimi sympatizuje a ztoto\u017e\u0148uje se s nimi mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st voli\u010d\u016f.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159elo\u017eil Ciar\u00e1n Lawless<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdo jsou a pro\u010d protestuj\u00ed? Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, odv\u011btv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dev\u011bt milion\u016f pracovn\u00edk\u016f, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v hlubok\u00e9 krizi, kter\u00e1 p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed do ulic tis\u00edce lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b s podobn\u00fdmi po\u017eadavky, ale s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi motivy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25161,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-25178","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/25178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25178"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=25178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}