{"id":34084,"date":"2024-03-28T12:37:36","date_gmt":"2024-03-28T11:37:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=34084"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:35:57","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:35:57","slug":"visegrad-four-surviving-not-thriving-amidst-discord","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/visegrad-four-surviving-not-thriving-amidst-discord\/","title":{"rendered":"Visegr\u00e1dsk\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159ka: P\u0159e\u017e\u00edvat, nikoliv vzkv\u00e9tat, uprost\u0159ed neshod"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Skupina Visegr\u00e1d Group<\/a>, kter\u00e1 vznikla po p\u00e1du komunismu jako kan\u00e1l pro st\u0159edoevropskou spolupr\u00e1ci, zahrnuje \u010ceskou republiku<\/a>, Slovensko<\/a>, Polsko<\/a> a Ma\u010farsko<\/a>, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je vetkat tyto n\u00e1rody do euroatlantick\u00e9 tapiserie. Nyn\u00ed se kvarteto zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt rozdvojen\u00e9, jakoby podle vzorce V4 = V2 + V2, rozd\u011blen\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi strategiemi v\u016f\u010di rusk\u00e9 agresi na Ukrajin\u011b<\/a>. \u010ce\u0161i a Pol\u00e1ci jsou zast\u00e1nci vojensk\u00e9 pomoci, zat\u00edmco Ma\u010farsko a Slovensko tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00edce zbran\u00ed podle nich konflikt nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed. Rozkol uvnit\u0159 skupiny dos\u00e1hl takov\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b, \u017ee se hovo\u0159\u00ed o jej\u00edm faktick\u00e9m rozpadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po summitu Visegr\u00e1dsk\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00fd byl svol\u00e1n uprost\u0159ed hmatateln\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed do Prahy letos v \u00fanoru, se v\u0161ak nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdm medi\u00e1ln\u00edm prostorem objevila shoda, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 region\u00e1ln\u00ed i politick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, \u017ee aliance trv\u00e1 a mus\u00ed pokra\u010dovat ve spolupr\u00e1ci. Slovensk\u00fd politick\u00fd myslitel Pravda<\/em><\/strong> v \u010dl\u00e1nku pro Tomas Strazay<\/strong> rozptyluje<\/a> p\u0159\u00edzrak z\u00e1niku V4 a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee konkl\u00e1ve premi\u00e9r\u016f neznamenalo konec 33 let star\u00e9 iniciativy, jak n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u00eddali. V4 koneckonc\u016f „nikdy neaspirovala na to, aby byla monolitick\u00fdm region\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fatvarem, kter\u00fd zp\u00edv\u00e1 ve sboru.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b neexistence pevn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed d\u00e1v\u00e1 skupin\u011b volnost, aby mohla zast\u00e1vat pluralitu n\u00e1zor\u016f, a to i v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch strategick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu.“ Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato nejednotnost umo\u017e\u0148uje pragmatick\u00e9 koalice na front\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za vz\u00e1jemn\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 – nap\u0159\u00edklad v oblasti podpory zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, energetiky nebo migrace. V souladu s t\u00edmto n\u00e1zorem, Ivan Hoffman<\/strong>, v p\u0159ilehl\u00e9m sloupku v Pravda<\/em><\/strong>, charakterizuje<\/a> V4 jako konkl\u00e1ve st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 „nespojuj\u00ed ani tak ekonomick\u00e9 vazby nebo spole\u010dn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 ambice, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e kolektivn\u00ed vzpom\u00ednka na existenci za \u017eeleznou oponou – bratrstvo n\u00e1rod\u016f, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 osudy na v\u00fdchodn\u00edm okraji Z\u00e1padu“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„V o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poh\u0159bu v Praze se objevila obroda V4,“ heralds<\/a> titulek ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho konzervativn\u00edho den\u00edku, Magyar H\u00edrlap<\/em><\/strong>,<\/em> doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed rozhovor s \u00c1gnes Vassovou,<\/strong> \u0159editelkou v\u00fdzkumu Ma\u010farsk\u00e9ho institutu pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bci. Vass tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Achillovou patou bloku a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jeho nejhroziv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ednost\u00ed je jeho tv\u00e1rnost – vlastnost, kter\u00e1 navzdory propastem vyhlouben\u00fdm ukrajinskou kriz\u00ed st\u00e1le sankcionuje pragmatick\u00e9 konsorcium v oblastech, jako je energetika a migrace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Martin Ehl<\/strong> z Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch novin<\/em><\/strong> nab\u00edz\u00ed<\/a> podobnou diagn\u00f3zu z Prahy: „Visegr\u00e1dsk\u00e1 skupina neum\u00edr\u00e1, jak by si n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mohli p\u0159edstavovat, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b se p\u0159ekalibrovala na mo\u017en\u00e1 nejpragmati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup za t\u0159i desetilet\u00ed sv\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed.“ Po skon\u010den\u00ed summitu premi\u00e9\u0159i skupiny rychle vyvr\u00e1tili jak\u00e9koli f\u00e1my a ujistili, \u017ee Visegr\u00e1d m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l b\u00fdt siln\u00fdm advoka\u010dn\u00edm blokem v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cty\u0159i st\u00e1ty na\u0161ly vz\u00e1cnou shodu v dilematu, kter\u00e9 hroz\u00ed v budoucnu vyvolat neshody v cel\u00e9 st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b: p\u0159\u00edliv levn\u00fdch ukrajinsk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f. Je to probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd rezonuje tady a te\u010f, uprost\u0159ed agr\u00e1rn\u00edch protest\u016f<\/a>, a vrh\u00e1 dlouh\u00fd st\u00edn na finan\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec Evropsk\u00e9 unie, kde \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e1 t\u0159etina rozpo\u010dtu \u017eiv\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd sektor.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch polsk\u00fdch novin, Rzeczpospolita<\/em><\/strong>, politolog Tom\u00e1\u0161 Kub\u00edn <\/strong>espouses<\/a> podobn\u011b utilitaristick\u00fd postoj, kdy\u017e napsal dopis s titulkem „Nezab\u00edjejme Visegr\u00e1dskou skupinu – m\u016f\u017ee se je\u0161t\u011b uk\u00e1zat jako velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1.“ Obhajuje sp\u00ed\u0161e „zmrazen\u00ed“ aktivit V4 ne\u017e jejich \u00fapln\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed. Kubin se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee aliance by mohla b\u00fdt v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm hr\u00e1\u010dem v debat\u00e1ch o reform\u00e1ch smluv EU nebo v diplomatick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch se zem\u011bmi mimo jej\u00ed r\u00e1mec – \u010dasto se jedn\u00e1 o jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9m form\u00e1tu „V4+“. Kubin zd\u016fraz\u0148uje prakti\u010dnost o\u017eiven\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho r\u00e1mce p\u0159ed pracn\u00fdm sestavov\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00e9 koalice od z\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u010farsk\u00e1 administrativa se sklonem k nacionalismu, kter\u00e1 loni p\u0159ijala legislativu<\/a> – \u00fadajn\u011b poru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed normy EU – aby se ochr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edm politick\u00fdm vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm, je p\u0159ipravena postoupit Pekingu kus sv\u00e9 suverenity a sankcionovat \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017en\u00edky, aby ofici\u00e1ln\u011b vstoupili na ma\u010farskou p\u016fdu. Vil\u00e1ggazdas\u00e1g<\/em><\/strong>, budape\u0161\u0165sk\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd den\u00edk,  neshled\u00e1v\u00e1 <\/a>\u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fvod k obav\u00e1m a policejn\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed hodnot\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00ednos pro pos\u00edlen\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti v turisticky exponovan\u00fdch m\u00edstech b\u011bhem hlavn\u00ed sez\u00f3ny a p\u0159i masov\u00fdch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fdden\u00edk Heti Vil\u00e1ggazdas\u00e1g<\/em><\/strong> uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a> v\u00edce rozporuplnou notu a varuje se d\u016fsledk\u016f, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuj\u00ed pouh\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti turist\u016f. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje obavy, \u017ee do p\u016fsobnosti t\u011bchto policist\u016f bude pat\u0159it tak\u00e9 dohled nad m\u00edstn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednskou komunitou a asijskou pracovn\u00ed silou v rozr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch na baterie, kter\u00e9 jsou posety ma\u010farskou krajinou. \u010casopis u\u017e l\u00e9ta zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a> skryt\u00fd provoz takzvan\u00fdch „servisn\u00edch stanic“ nejm\u00e9n\u011b ve t\u0159ech ma\u010farsk\u00fdch m\u011bstech – za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou podle aktivist\u016f ve skute\u010dnosti \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi policejn\u00edmi stanicemi vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1tlak na diasporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdb\u011bry<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

EU a neutralita Rakouska<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ralph Janik | <\/strong>Die Presse<\/em><\/strong> | 13. b\u0159ezna | DE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve st\u00ednu rusk\u00e9ho vp\u00e1du na Ukrajinu, Finsko<\/a> a \u0160v\u00e9dsko<\/a> odhodily svou proslulou neutralitu a p\u0159ipojily se k \u0159ad\u00e1m NATO – ostr\u00fd d\u016fkaz seversk\u00fdch nerv\u016f pocuchan\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dnick\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm Moskvy. Rakousko, zasazen\u00e9 mezi st\u00e1ty NATO, se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt ostrovem odstupu. Kremelsk\u00fd gambit sotva roz\u010de\u0159il politick\u00e9 pe\u0159\u00ed alpsk\u00e9 republiky, ani nepodn\u00edtil p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed jej\u00edho neutr\u00e1ln\u00edho postoje v dne\u0161n\u00edm napjat\u00e9m geopolitick\u00e9m divadle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ralph Janik<\/strong>, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk v oblasti mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00ed pro Die Presse<\/em><\/strong>, pozn\u00e1mky<\/a> \u017ee \u010dlenstv\u00ed Rakouska v EU ho zapl\u00e9t\u00e1 do Spole\u010dn\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politika<\/a> web, co\u017e je pon\u011bkud v rozporu s tvrzen\u00edm ministryn\u011b obrany Klaudie Tannerov\u00e9 o neintervenci v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b napaden\u00ed spojence EU. Neutralita sice nebyla pop\u0159ena, ale zm\u011bnila se; Rakousko si ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdsadn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo vyhnout se n\u011bkter\u00fdm akc\u00edm EU, nap\u0159\u00edklad financov\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. \u010clenstv\u00ed v EU v\u0161ak roz\u0161i\u0159uje diplomatick\u00fd prostor V\u00eddn\u011b. Z rakousk\u00e9 neutrality se stal nuancovan\u00fd hybrid – flexibiln\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00e1zan\u00fd kolektivn\u00edmi akcemi EU. Pokud by se tak rozhodlo, mohlo by poskytnout vojenskou podporu, co\u017e by bylo sp\u00ed\u0161e gestem solidarity ne\u017e neutrality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

St\u0159edoevropsk\u00fd tisk, kter\u00fd tento m\u011bs\u00edc vych\u00e1z\u00ed ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Display Europe, upozor\u0148uje na prohlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se rozpory mezi zem\u011bmi Visegr\u00e1dsk\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159ky (V4), pozv\u00e1n\u00ed Ma\u010farska \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 policii a \u00fazkostliv\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed neutrality ze strany Rakouska.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":34055,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-34084","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/34084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34084"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=34084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}