{"id":36041,"date":"2024-04-15T11:58:05","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T09:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=36041"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:35:16","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:35:16","slug":"tunisko-mauretanie-egypt-cihel-po-cihle-pevnost-evropa-vznika","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/tunisko-mauretanie-egypt-cihel-po-cihle-pevnost-evropa-vznika\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunisko, Mauret\u00e1nie, Egypt – cihla po cihle vznik\u00e1 pevnost Evropa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jak se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed volby do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu v roce 2020<\/a> nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 politice outsourcingu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed migrace. Po Tunisku<\/a> a Mauret\u00e1nii<\/a> je nyn\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7,4 miliardy eur hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pomoci v\u00fdm\u011bnou za p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hrani\u010dn\u00ed kontroly – to je l\u00e1kav\u00fd slib Evropy Egyptu. Dohoda o partnerstv\u00ed podepsan\u00e1 17. b\u0159ezna 2024 zahrnuje rozpo\u010det ve v\u00fd\u0161i 200 milion\u016f eur ozna\u010den\u00fdch<\/a> na migraci. P\u0159esto\u017ee odchody z egyptsk\u00fdch b\u0159eh\u016f jsou pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, zem\u011b zauj\u00edm\u00e1 strategickou polohu na k\u0159i\u017eovatce n\u011bkolika migra\u010dn\u00edch tras zachycen\u00fdch mezi Libi\u00ed<\/a>, P\u00e1sem Gazy<\/a> a S\u00fad\u00e1nem<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto outsourcingov\u00e9ho mechanismu s Egyptem nen\u00ed bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9. Evropsk\u00e1 unie se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 masivn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edlivu palestinsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ut\u00edkaj\u00ed p\u0159ed masakry p\u00e1chan\u00fdmi IDF v Gaze“, vysv\u011btluje<\/a> francouzsk\u00e9 m\u00e9dium Politis<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egyptsk\u00fd prezident Abdel Fatt\u00e1h as-S\u00eds\u00ed je ji\u017e „nov\u00fdm obl\u00edben\u00fdm dikt\u00e1torem Evropy“, p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a> Mirco Keilberth<\/strong> v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m den\u00edku Die tageszeitung<\/em><\/strong>. Je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee al-S\u00eds\u00ed ve skute\u010dnosti nem\u00e1 jinou mo\u017enost: „Prezident […] chce dohodnut\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00edm pl\u00e1nem zachr\u00e1nit skom\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed ekonomiku sv\u00e9 zem\u011b a jej\u00edch 106 milion\u016f obyvatel,“ p\u00ed\u0161e Keilberth. „V\u00e1lka v Gaze, klesaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy z cestovn\u00edho ruchu a p\u00e1d egyptsk\u00e9 libry v posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech zv\u00fd\u0161ily soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed v zemi.“<\/p>.\n\n\n\n

Les Egyptiens eux-m\u00eames pourraient \u00eatre impact\u00e9s par l’accord pass\u00e9 avec l‘Union europ\u00e9enne<\/a>, explique<\/a> Bianca Carrera Espriu<\/strong> dans le Green European Journal<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>(GEJ). „Fournir \u00e0 un gouvernement extr\u00eamement abusif une technology de surveillance \u00e0 double usage et une formation sur la mani\u00e8re de l’utiliser augmente le risque qu’elle soit utilis\u00e9e pour la surveillance interne et le ciblage des opposants<\/em>„, s’inqui\u00e8te Claudio Francavilla<\/strong>, directeur adjoint du plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de l’UE pour l’ONG Human Rights Watch au GEJ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samotn\u00fdch Egyp\u0165an\u016f by se dohoda s Evropskou uni\u00ed<\/a>, vysv\u011btluje<\/a> Bianca Carrera Espriu<\/strong> v Green European Journal<\/em><\/strong> (GEJ). Claudio Francavilla, z\u00e1stupce \u0159editele pro obhajobu pr\u00e1v v EU nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace Human Rights Watch, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Carrera Espriu, \u017ee „poskytnut\u00ed sledovac\u00ed technologie dvoj\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed a \u0161kolen\u00ed o jej\u00edm pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b, kter\u00e1 je velmi zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na, zvy\u0161uje riziko, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pou\u017eita k vnit\u0159n\u00edmu sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a k c\u00edlen\u00ed na odp\u016frce“. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158et\u011bzec dohod<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En parlant d’accord, j’avais d\u00e9j\u00e0 abord\u00e9 celui pass\u00e9 entre l’UE et la Mauritanie dans ma derni\u00e8re revue de presse<\/a>. L’encre n’est m\u00eame pas encore s\u00e8che que le trait\u00e9 est d\u00e9j\u00e0 largement critiqu\u00e9. Dans un article exhaustif pour Al Jazeera<\/em><\/strong>, Hassan Ould Moctar<\/strong> explique<\/a> le caract\u00e8re in\u00e9dit de la situation : „Tout d’abord, le financement n\u00e9goci\u00e9 est beaucoup plus important que les efforts d’externalisation pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents<\/em>. […] Deuxi\u00e8mement, alors que l’opposition \u00e0 l’externalisation des fronti\u00e8res en Mauritanie s’est toujours limit\u00e9e \u00e0 une poign\u00e9e d’organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, le dernier accord sur la migration a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 un toll\u00e9 dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>,“ explique-t-il. Alors que les partis d’opposition y voient un plan pour r\u00e9installer les „immigrants ill\u00e9gaux“ dans le pays, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile critique, quant \u00e0 elle, les efforts de l’UE visant „\u00e0 faire de la Mauritanie le ‚gendarme de l’Europe‘<\/em>„.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O dohod\u011b mezi EU a Maurit\u00e1ni\u00ed jsem informoval ve sv\u00e9m posledn\u00edm p\u0159ehledu tisku<\/a>. Inkoust je\u0161t\u011b ani nezaschl a smlouva je ji\u017e hojn\u011b kritizov\u00e1na. Ve vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku pro Al Jazeera<\/em><\/strong>, Hassan Ould Moctar<\/strong> vysv\u011btluje<\/a> bezprecedentn\u00ed charakter situace: „Zaprv\u00e9, vyjednan\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159edchoz\u00ed snahy o externalizaci. […] Zadruh\u00e9, zat\u00edmco odpor proti externalizaci hranic v Maurit\u00e1nii se v minulosti omezoval na hrstku organizac\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed migra\u010dn\u00ed dohoda vyvolala celospole\u010densk\u00fd rozruch,“ vysv\u011btluje. Zat\u00edmco opozi\u010dn\u00ed strany ji pova\u017euj\u00ed za pl\u00e1n na p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00ed „neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159ist\u011bhovalc\u016f“ do zem\u011b, ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost kritizuje snahu EU „ud\u011blat z Maurit\u00e1nie ‚\u010detn\u00edka Evropy'“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EU se v\u0161ak ji\u017e poohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jinde. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b Kypru<\/a> ozn\u00e1mil m\u00edstop\u0159edseda Evropsk\u00e9 komise Margaritis Schinas dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi programu: dohodu podobnou t\u00e9, kter\u00e1 spojuje blok s Egyptem, tentokr\u00e1t v\u0161ak s Libanonem<\/a>. Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00edchod migrant\u016f z S\u00fdrie<\/a>. A\u010dkoli je text zat\u00edm v p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, v s\u00e1zce je pro ostrovn\u00ed republiku mnoho. „Jen tento m\u011bs\u00edc \u00fa\u0159ady zaznamenaly 533 p\u0159\u00edjezd\u016f po mo\u0159i, zat\u00edmco loni v b\u0159eznu jich bylo 36,“, vysv\u011btluje<\/a> Reuters<\/em><\/strong>. Pro Nik\u00f3sii by vymezen\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblast\u00ed zem\u011b zpusto\u0161en\u00fdch ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lkou jako „bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch“ umo\u017enilo \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm repatriovat sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na tiskov\u00e9 konferenci Schinas pochv\u00e1lil \u00fasp\u011bch zem\u011b v boji proti imigraci a pogratuloval „mal\u00e9mu Kypru“, \u017ee se stal „evropsk\u00fdm \u0161ampi\u00f3nem v repatriaci“, zpr\u00e1vy<\/a> \u0159eck\u00e9ho den\u00edku Kathimerini<\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0161e z\u00e1sady a jejich d\u016fsledky<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku pro POLITICO<\/em><\/strong> komisa\u0159 Rady Evropy pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va Dunja Mijatovi\u0107<\/strong> odsuzuje<\/a> r\u016fzn\u00e1 poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u00e1chan\u00e1 na migrantech a \u017eadatel\u00edch o azyl – a to v r\u00e1mci vlastn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch hranic. Podle Mijatovi\u0107e je nejrepresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politika nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem. „Signalizuje, \u017ee autorita a nez\u00e1vislost soud\u016f spolu s p\u0159\u00edstupem ke spravedlnosti a lidsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1v\u016fm mohou b\u00fdt ob\u011btov\u00e1ny, kdy\u017e si vl\u00e1dy mysl\u00ed, \u017ee to vyhovuje jejich politick\u00fdm priorit\u00e1m nebo volebn\u00edm hledisk\u016fm,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mijatovi\u0107ov\u00e1 poukazuje zejm\u00e9na na postupy Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a Francie a ob\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee by se mohly projevit na cel\u00e9m kontinentu. Posun, kter\u00fd by za\u010dal „… takov\u00fdm, kter\u00fd za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 odsouzen\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 role kontroln\u00edch mechanism\u016f a rovnov\u00e1hy, se pak p\u0159elije do p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho ohro\u017een\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu a v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku i z\u00e1kladn\u00edch hodnot demokratick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Pokud se st\u00e1t skute\u010dn\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di migrant\u016fm tak nevst\u0159\u00edcn\u00fdm, nen\u00ed tato situace pro francouzskou spole\u010dnost zdaleka prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1. Naopak, je zdrojem z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v a svobod v\u0161ech jej\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f“, argumentuje<\/a> Vincent Sizaire<\/strong> pro Mani\u00e8re de Voir<\/em><\/strong> (Le Monde Diplomatique<\/em>). Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee francouzsk\u00e1 politika podporuje rozvoj obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s lidmi a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed zraniteln\u00e9 a levn\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly, u\u010dinila z imigra\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kona „laborato\u0159 pro mimosoudn\u00ed donucovac\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena na v\u0161echny ob\u010dany“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle Sizaira jsou represivn\u00ed praktiky nejprve testov\u00e1ny na ciz\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edc\u00edch a pot\u00e9 jsou aplikov\u00e1ny na „kategorie osob […] pova\u017eovan\u00fdch za nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9“, a to a\u017e po jednotlivce a skupiny, kter\u00e9 jsou nepr\u00e1vem \u010di pr\u00e1vem ozna\u010dov\u00e1ny za „teroristy“ – co\u017e je pozoruhodn\u011b flexibiln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed definice. „Starost o dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1v a svobod ciz\u00edch st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f nen\u00ed tedy jen v\u00fdrazem bratrstv\u00ed. Je to tak\u00e9 z\u00e1vazek k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti v\u0161ech ob\u010dan\u016f,“ tvrd\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159elo\u017eil Ciar\u00e1n Lawless<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EU nad\u00e1le p\u0159enech\u00e1v\u00e1 spr\u00e1vu sv\u00fdch hranic t\u0159et\u00edm zem\u00edm, i kdy\u017e to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se spoj\u00ed s vl\u00e1dami, jejich\u017e postupy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed kontroverze. O d\u016fsledc\u00edch pro migranty a obyvatele t\u011bchto zem\u00ed se diskutuje jen z\u0159\u00eddka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36025,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-36041","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/36041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36041"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=36041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}