{"id":38516,"date":"2024-05-13T08:59:15","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T06:59:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=38516"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:34:25","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:34:25","slug":"italska-spolecnost-zustava-nepokorena-nejpravicovejsi-vladou-za-desetileti","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/italska-spolecnost-zustava-nepokorena-nejpravicovejsi-vladou-za-desetileti\/","title":{"rendered":"Italsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 „nezkrocen\u00e1“ nejpravicov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dou za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ve sv\u00e9m inaugura\u010dn\u00edm projevu v doln\u00ed komo\u0159e italsk\u00e9ho parlamentu 25. \u0159\u00edjna 2022 nov\u011b zvolen\u00e1 premi\u00e9rka Giorgia Meloni<\/a> prohl\u00e1sila: „Bude pro m\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 nec\u00edtit n\u00e1dech sympati\u00ed k t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed vyjdou do ulic, aby zpochybnili politiku na\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dy.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak sama p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, protesty byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Meloniho politick\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159i vzpom\u00ednce na svou minulost jako aktivistky<\/a> v ml\u00e1de\u017enick\u00fdch organizac\u00edch italsk\u00e9 postfa\u0161istick\u00e9 pravice Meloni byl d\u016frazn\u00fd<\/a>: „V \u017eivot\u011b jsem se z\u00fa\u010dastnil a organizoval tolik demonstrac\u00ed a mysl\u00edm, \u017ee m\u011b to nau\u010dilo mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina jin\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale kdy\u017e byl tento „soucit“ s protestuj\u00edc\u00edmi podroben zkou\u0161ce, uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee je to jen r\u00e9torika. Ve skute\u010dnosti se Meloniho vl\u00e1da a parlamentn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina veden\u00e1 stranou Fratelli d’Italia od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku sna\u017e\u00ed potla\u010dovat a kriminalizovat nesouhlas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00edm ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00edm vl\u00e1dy byl takzvan\u00fd „protire\u017eimn\u00ed dekret<\/a>“ z 31. \u0159\u00edjna 2022. S vyu\u017eit\u00edm kontroverzn\u00ed rave party ve m\u011bst\u011b Modena na severu zem\u011b<\/a> zavedla vl\u00e1da nov\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din s p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi tresty – a\u017e \u0161estilet\u00fdm odn\u011bt\u00edm svobody – pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed organizuj\u00ed a propaguj\u00ed „shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 pro ve\u0159ejn\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1dek“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 kritice opozice a pr\u00e1vn\u00edch expert\u016f Meloni prohl\u00e1sil<\/a> \u017ee „u\u017e nejsme ban\u00e1nov\u00e1 republika“ a \u017ee „je mo\u017en\u00e9 d\u011blat v\u011bci p\u0159i respektov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel a z\u00e1kon\u016f italsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1sleduj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Jeden po druh\u00e9m byly podepisov\u00e1ny dekrety, kter\u00e9 omezovaly imigraci<\/a> a d\u00e1le omezovaly mo\u017enosti leg\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edchodu do It\u00e1lie, aby br\u00e1nit lod\u00edm nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed<\/a> prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 akce v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e a trestat<\/a> klimatick\u00e9 aktivisty. V neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b byl p\u0159ijat „bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek<\/a>„, kter\u00fd prudce zv\u00fd\u0161il tresty za r\u016fzn\u00e9 drobn\u00e9 p\u0159estupky v\u010detn\u011b blokov\u00e1n\u00ed silnic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1sleduje \u0159ada n\u00e1vrh\u016f poslanc\u016f Fratelli d’Italia, kter\u00e9 jdou je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l. Jeden z nich by pro nejbou\u0159liv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed demonstrace vytvo\u0159il trestn\u00fd \u010din „uli\u010dn\u00ed terorismus<\/a>„. Dal\u0161\u00ed by rozm\u011blnil trestn\u00fd \u010din mu\u010den\u00ed<\/a>, kter\u00fd byl zaveden teprve v roce 2017 a nyn\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku<\/a> vymahatelnosti pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komunita LGBTQ+ se stala zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm ter\u010dem. Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f je z\u00e1kaz registrace d\u011bt\u00ed p\u00e1r\u016f stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed<\/a>, kter\u00fd je v\u00fdsledkem ob\u011b\u017en\u00edku vydan\u00e9ho ministrem vnitra Matteem Piantedosim. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee stejnopohlavn\u00ed p\u00e1ry nesm\u00ed p\u0159episovat rodn\u00e9 listy sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed po\u010dat\u00fdch v zahrani\u010d\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm n\u00e1hradn\u00edho mate\u0159stv\u00ed, co\u017e chce vl\u00e1da a jej\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina u\u010dinit obecn\u00fdm p\u0159estupkem<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meloniho vl\u00e1da zkr\u00e1tka vystupuje proti ka\u017ed\u00e9 skupin\u011b, kterou vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako nep\u0159\u00edtele nebo kter\u00e1 by mohla p\u0159edstavovat p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku jej\u00edho politick\u00e9ho programu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed „nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9“? <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V It\u00e1lii se vl\u00e1da a krajn\u00ed pravice nestaly ter\u010dem \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9ho masov\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed, jak je vid\u011bt v N\u011bmecku<\/a> proti Alternative f\u00fcr Deutschland. P\u0159esto se opozice v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch objevila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Objevily se jak obecn\u00e9 protivl\u00e1dn\u00ed protesty, tak i protesty proti konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm politik\u00e1m, nap\u0159\u00edklad v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch pr\u00e1ce nebo n\u00e1sil\u00ed na \u017een\u00e1ch,“ uvedl Donatella Della Porta<\/a>, odborn\u00e1 asistentka na Scuola Normale Superiore v Pise a \u0159editelka interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 skupiny Cosmos<\/a> (Centre on Social Movement Studies),<\/em> to Voxeurop<\/em>. „Takov\u00e9 iniciativy nejsou nov\u00e9, ale s vl\u00e1dou, jako je ta Meloniho, se staly je\u0161t\u011b explicitn\u011bji protivl\u00e1dn\u00edmi ne\u017e v minulosti.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed pochod 25. listopadu, kter\u00fd po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 feministick\u00e1 skupina Non Una Di Meno u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho dne za odstran\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed na \u017een\u00e1ch. Jeho posledn\u00ed dva ro\u010dn\u00edky si vzaly na mu\u0161ku zejm\u00e9na Meloniho vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 byla odsouzena za to, \u017ee ned\u011bl\u00e1 nic proti patriarch\u00e1ln\u00ed kultu\u0159e It\u00e1lie a \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eila st\u00e1tn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/a> ochrany \u017een.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na ne\u010dinnost vl\u00e1dy v ot\u00e1zce klimatick\u00e9 krize se mezit\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159ila hnut\u00ed jako Ultima Generazione, jejich\u017e taktika je inspirov\u00e1na nen\u00e1siln\u00fdmi akcemi hnut\u00ed Just Stop Oil. Po\u017eaduj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 rychlej\u0161\u00ed p\u0159echod na obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje energie a zru\u0161en\u00ed pl\u00e1n\u016f na nov\u00e9 vrty na t\u011b\u017ebu plynu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V reakci na to p\u0159ijala v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 moc a jej\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed z\u00e1kon proti takzvan\u00fdm „ekovandal\u016fm<\/a>„, kter\u00fd ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 vysok\u00e9 tresty (a\u017e \u0161est let v\u011bzen\u00ed) t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u00ed \u0161kodu na kulturn\u00edm nebo krajinn\u00e9m d\u011bdictv\u00ed. To bylo p\u0159\u00edmo zam\u011b\u0159eno na hlavn\u00ed modus operandi Ultima Generazione, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edval v akc\u00edch na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti, v\u010detn\u011b kaskad\u00e9rsk\u00fdch kousk\u016f v muze\u00edch a po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u00e1tek a soch. Takto byl veden z\u00e1sah prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ad hoc z\u00e1kon\u016f, trestn\u00edch ozn\u00e1men\u00ed a trestn\u00edch st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed. Aby se ochr\u00e1nilo, bylo klimatick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed nuceno pou\u017e\u00edvat m\u00e9n\u011b radik\u00e1ln\u00ed taktiky<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve m\u011bst\u011b Padova na severov\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b dopadla skupina tzv. duhov\u00fdch rodin – tedy p\u00e1r\u016f stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed – l\u00e9pe. Pot\u00e9, co vedly pr\u00e1vn\u00ed bitvu o zaru\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1v sv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, tamn\u00ed soud po\u010d\u00e1tkem b\u0159ezna 2024 uznal<\/a> platnost rodn\u00fdch list\u016f 35 nezletil\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed. St\u00e1tn\u00ed zastupitelstv\u00ed se dom\u00e1halo zru\u0161en\u00ed platnosti t\u011bchto dokument\u016f na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9ho ob\u011b\u017en\u00edku ministra vnitra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
Meloniho vl\u00e1da vystupuje proti v\u0161em skupin\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1 jako nep\u0159\u00e1tele nebo kter\u00e9 by mohly p\u0159edstavovat p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku jej\u00edho politick\u00e9ho programu<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

Mimo soudn\u00ed s\u00edn\u011b byly bezpochyby nejsiln\u011bji nav\u0161t\u00edven\u00fdmi protesty ty, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaly izraelsko-palestinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f ministerstva vnitra se od 7. \u0159\u00edjna uskute\u010dnilo p\u0159es 1 000<\/a> demonstrac\u00ed na podporu Palestiny a s v\u00fdzvou k p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle profesora Della Porty „by k nim do\u0161lo, i kdyby existovala st\u0159edolevicov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da“, ale existence pravicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy zp\u016fsobila, \u017ee se „propojili r\u016fzn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i“. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b italsk\u00e1 palestinsk\u00e1 sdru\u017een\u00ed, levicov\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hnut\u00ed, odbory, politick\u00e9 strany a studenti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zejm\u00e9na studenti byli v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b prominentn\u00ed – a ob\u010das se stali ter\u010dem policejn\u00edho zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. K nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu takov\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edpadu do\u0161lo 23. \u00fanora 2024 v Pise, kdy byl pochod st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00fdch student\u016f – v\u010detn\u011b n\u011bkolika nezletil\u00fdch – brut\u00e1ln\u011b potla\u010den<\/a> polici\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed hluboce \u0161okovala videa, na nich\u017e jsou dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed studenti obu\u0161ky ml\u00e1ceni policisty v z\u00e1sahov\u00e9 v\u00fdstroji. Incident vyvolal intervenci italsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Sergia Mattarelly, kter\u00fd v ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00f3t\u011b<\/a> prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee „u mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed jsou obu\u0161ky v\u00fdrazem selh\u00e1n\u00ed“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Profesor Della Porta se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee ud\u00e1losti v Pise byly „vyvrcholen\u00edm pokusu zjistit, jak daleko lze zaj\u00edt“ s repres\u00ed. Protesty v\u0161ak nejev\u00ed zn\u00e1mky toho, \u017ee by m\u011bly ustat. Naopak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Nov\u00e1 generace je velmi citliv\u00e1 na politick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed ot\u00e1zky,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Della Porta. „Toto nen\u00ed okam\u017eik n\u00edzk\u00e9 mobilizace.“ Italsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost se zkr\u00e1tka „nenechala zkrotit“ nejpravicov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed italskou vl\u00e1dou od v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Represe jsou charakteristick\u00fdm znakem krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy Giorgie Meloniov\u00e9. Jej\u00edmi ter\u010di jsou migranti, komunita LGBTQ+, klimati\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 a projevy nesouhlasu obecn\u011b. Italsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost se v\u0161ak ukazuje jako odoln\u00e1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38499,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-38516","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/38516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38516"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=38516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}