{"id":40039,"date":"2024-05-21T09:10:15","date_gmt":"2024-05-21T07:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/evropu-suzuji-megapozary-jsme-pripraveni\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:34:08","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:34:08","slug":"evropu-suzuji-megapozary-jsme-pripraveni","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/evropu-suzuji-megapozary-jsme-pripraveni\/","title":{"rendered":"Evropu su\u017euj\u00ed megapo\u017e\u00e1ry. Jsme p\u0159ipraveni?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed s\u00e9rie t\u0159\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f z \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho multimedi\u00e1ln\u00edho projektu den\u00edku El Diario o megapo\u017e\u00e1rech v Evrop\u011b, jejich\u017e autory jsou Mariangela Paone, Ra\u00fal Rej\u00f3n, Sof\u00eda P\u00e9rez a Ra\u00fal S\u00e1nchez. <\/em>\u00davod | \u010c\u00e1st I<\/a> | \u010c\u00e1st II<\/a> | \u010c\u00e1st III<\/a>
Origin\u00e1ln\u00ed multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed projekt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u017e\u00e1r, kter\u00fd vznikl pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u011bsta Alexandroupolis a rychle se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po cel\u00e9m regionu, zpusto\u0161il t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100 000 hektar\u016f, zni\u010dil domy a zm\u011bnil vegetaci ve sp\u00e1lenou zemi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento po\u017e\u00e1r p\u0159edstavuje nov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro evropsk\u00e9 lesy. Obrovsk\u00e9 po\u017e\u00e1ry na plo\u0161e odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed 700 fotbalov\u00fdm h\u0159i\u0161t\u00edm. Dva ze t\u0159\u00ed hektar\u016f sp\u00e1len\u00fdch ploch na kontinentu jsou zp\u016fsobeny t\u011bmito rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi po\u017e\u00e1ry. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 bublina, kterou vid\u00edte, p\u0159edstavuje po\u017e\u00e1r o rozloze v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 500 hektar\u016f, k n\u011bmu\u017e do\u0161lo v Evrop\u011b od roku 2000. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za posledn\u00edch 20 let dru\u017eice zaznamenaly v\u00edce ne\u017e 4 200 po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e 500 hektar\u016f, tzv. velk\u00fdch lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f (GIF). A trend je vzestupn\u00fd: rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f p\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jsou st\u00e1le ni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nezvladateln\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je to dal\u0161\u00ed z ji\u017e viditeln\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f. Klimatick\u00e1 krize vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f a prodlu\u017euj\u00ed rizikov\u00e1 obdob\u00ed. P\u0159i samotn\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1rech se do atmosf\u00e9ry uvol\u0148uje velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed CO2, kter\u00fd se vrac\u00ed zp\u011bt do tohoto kruhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u011bn\u00ed se tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsob jejich \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich ji\u017e byly za\u0159azeny do tzv. po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f \u0161est\u00e9 generace, tedy ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed meteorologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky v oblasti. Critina Montiel, odbornice z v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 skupiny Geografie, politika a socioekonomie lesnictv\u00ed na Univerzit\u011b Complutense v Madridu, je naz\u00fdv\u00e1 „ohniv\u00fdmi mraky, kter\u00e9 si \u017eij\u00ed vlastn\u00edm \u017eivotem“. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o po\u017e\u00e1ry, kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed „neuhasiteln\u00fdmi“ kv\u016fli mno\u017estv\u00ed paliva, teplot\u00e1m, kter\u00fdch dosahuj\u00ed, a v\u011btru, kter\u00fd je podn\u011bcuje. Krom\u011b toho mohou vytv\u00e1\u0159et extr\u00e9mn\u00ed jevy, jako je tvorba pyrokumulov\u00fdch mrak\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edm bou\u0159\u00edm, jako tomu bylo p\u0159i po\u017e\u00e1ru v poho\u0159\u00ed Sierra Culebra (Zamora) v roce 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oblasti nejv\u00edce posti\u017een\u00e9 t\u011bmito rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi po\u017e\u00e1ry se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Na t\u0159i zem\u011b – \u0160pan\u011blsko, \u0158ecko a Portugalsko – p\u0159ipad\u00e1 57 % z t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 8 milion\u016f hektar\u016f, kter\u00e9 v letech 2000 a\u017e 2023 vyho\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1rech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jsou to tak\u00e9 t\u0159i zem\u011b s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brnou plochou sp\u00e1lenou na jeden po\u017e\u00e1r. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na t\u011bchto \u00fazem\u00edch nejen\u017ee doch\u00e1z\u00ed k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm, ale kdy\u017e u\u017e k nim dojde, ho\u0159\u00ed siln\u011bji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Nevid\u00edme v\u00edce po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f, ale vid\u00edme v\u00edce rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cristina Sant\u00edn, v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 pracovnice CSIC-University of Oviedo. Aby GIF explodoval, „mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vegetace, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee ho\u0159et, ale tak\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt sucho a vysok\u00e9 teploty – a v\u00edtr – jsou ovlivn\u011bny zm\u011bnou klimatu,“ vysv\u011btluje Sant\u00edn. „A nap\u0159\u00edklad ve \u0160pan\u011blsku m\u00e1me oba faktory.“

Sant\u00edn se pod\u00edlel na vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak se zhor\u0161ily pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f, tzv. index po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00edho po\u010das\u00ed (FWI). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento index, kter\u00fd zohled\u0148uje pov\u011btrnostn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, jako je vlhkost, v\u00edtr nebo teplota, ale nikoli vegetace, nezaji\u0161\u0165uje spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poplach\u016f. Kdy\u017e je v\u0161ak pohled\u00e1vka p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ena, tyto podm\u00ednky ji podporuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee se situace v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny klimatu je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed. Do konce stolet\u00ed bude ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, It\u00e1lii a \u0158ecku o 20 a\u017e 40 % v\u00edce dn\u016f p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdch pro \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed lesn\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V t\u00e9to situaci se port\u00e1l elDiario.es vydal na m\u00edsta v \u0158ecku, Portugalsku a \u0160pan\u011blsku, kter\u00e1 postihly t\u0159i nejhor\u0161\u00ed megapo\u017e\u00e1ry v Evrop\u011b za posledn\u00ed roky. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 jsme si z toho vzali ponau\u010den\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jsme l\u00e9pe p\u0159ipraveni?<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Port\u00e1l ElDiario.es se vydal do \u0158ecka, Portugalska a \u0160pan\u011blska, kter\u00e9 postihly t\u0159i nejhor\u0161\u00ed megapo\u017e\u00e1ry v Evrop\u011b za posledn\u00ed roky, aby zjistil, jak\u00e9 jsme si z nich vzali ponau\u010den\u00ed a zda jsme na st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jevy l\u00e9pe p\u0159ipraveni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39544,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-40039","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/40039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40039"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=40039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}