{"id":40718,"date":"2024-05-21T12:55:41","date_gmt":"2024-05-21T10:55:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=40718"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:33:48","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:33:48","slug":"nemecka-demokracie-konecne-probudila-dalekou-pravici","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/nemecka-demokracie-konecne-probudila-dalekou-pravici\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bmeck\u00e1 demokracie se kone\u010dn\u011b probouz\u00ed p\u0159ed krajn\u00ed pravic\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

N\u011bmeckou krajn\u00ed pravici<\/a> a jej\u00ed politickou \u0161pi\u010dku, Alternative f\u00fcr Deutschland (AfD), od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2024 stav\u00ed na zadn\u00ed ne\u010dekan\u00e9 – a masivn\u00ed – ob\u010dansk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed. Od poloviny ledna vy\u0161ly miliony N\u011bmc\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00edkend do ulic<\/a> aby pokojn\u011b odsoudily xenofobn\u00ed r\u00e9toriku a protidemokratick\u00fd program AfD. Hnut\u00ed je st\u00e1le siln\u00e9, i kdy\u017e pomalej\u0161\u00edm tempem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spou\u0161t\u011b\u010dem tohoto v\u00fdbuchu se stal p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 „Postupimsk\u00e9 sch\u016fzky“. Odhalen\u00ed<\/a> 10. ledna investigativn\u00ed platformou Korektiv<\/em><\/a> se na t\u00e9to tajn\u00e9 sch\u016fzce, kter\u00e1 se konala nedaleko Berl\u00edna v listopadu 2023, se\u0161li lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed o sob\u011b tvrdili, \u017ee se neznaj\u00ed. Byli mezi nimi \u010dlenov\u00e9 konzervativn\u00ed strany CDU, poslanci a vedouc\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 AfD, potomek rodiny von Bismarck\u016f, n\u011bkolik bohat\u00fdch jednotlivc\u016f a tak\u00e9 neonacist\u00e9 a identit\u00e1\u0159\u0161t\u00ed aktivist\u00e9. Hlavn\u00edm \u0159e\u010dn\u00edkem setk\u00e1n\u00ed byl Martin Sellner, v\u016fdce rakousk\u00e9ho identit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. P\u0159edstavil podrobnosti pl\u00e1nu „remigrace“, kter\u00fd po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s masov\u00fdm vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm dvou milion\u016f cizinc\u016f z N\u011bmecka do severn\u00ed Afriky. Po\u010d\u00edtalo se tak\u00e9 s deportac\u00ed „\u0161patn\u011b asimilovan\u00fdch“ n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Fantazie o ‚remigraci‘ se objevuje ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu,“ upozor\u0148uje Lorenz Blumenthaler, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk a mluv\u010d\u00ed Nadace Antonia Amadea (AAS), n\u011bmeck\u00e9<\/a> nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na extremismus a rasismus. „Mezi t\u011bmi, kdo studuj\u00ed krajn\u00ed pravici, je to dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9, ale a\u017e dosud to nep\u0159itahovalo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozornosti. Proto n\u00e1s p\u0159ekvapila s\u00edla reakce ve\u0159ejnosti.“ Odhalen\u00ed o politick\u00fdch intrik\u00e1ch na vysok\u00e9 \u00farovni z\u0159ejm\u011b vyvolalo \u0161ok, stejn\u011b jako konspira\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1dech skute\u010dn\u00e9ho setk\u00e1n\u00ed, na n\u011bm\u017e byly vyty\u010deny takov\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed – a proti\u00fastavn\u00ed – pl\u00e1ny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„U\u017e dlouho v\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 AfD \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed rasistick\u00e9 v\u011bci podbarven\u00e9 odkazy na nacismus,“ poznamenala Wiebke Brennerov\u00e1, m\u00edstn\u00ed demonstrantka, kterou jsme potkali 3. \u00fanora v Berl\u00edn\u011b. „Ale najednou se dozv\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee se sch\u00e1zej\u00ed s lidmi se zna\u010dn\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky, aby mluvili o pl\u00e1nech na masov\u00e9 vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed cizinc\u016f! To je d\u011bsiv\u00e9. To byla posledn\u00ed kapka.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee protesty halasn\u011b oponovaly podb\u00edziv\u00e9mu tvrzen\u00ed AfD, \u017ee N\u011bmecko je na pokraji ekonomick\u00e9 zk\u00e1zy a kulturn\u00edho rozpadu, se zd\u00e1, \u017ee vzestup AfD zkontrolovaly. Ve v\u0161ech celost\u00e1tn\u00edch pr\u016fzkumech volebn\u00edch z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f od \u00fanora se strana zastavila, poklesla<\/a> ze sv\u00e9ho maxima 24 % na rozmez\u00ed 16-19 %. Ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsou srdcem AfD, jako je Sasko, Durynsko a Braniborsko, je pokles tak\u00e9 patrn\u00fd – i kdy\u017e se tam AfD st\u00e1le pohybuje kolem 30 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Prvn\u00edm pou\u010den\u00edm je, \u017ee se poda\u0159ilo v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dase zmobilizovat velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed lid\u00ed,“  \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 pan Blumenthaler. „Byly to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed demonstrace od dob klimatick\u00fdch protest\u016f. A mobilizace byla \u0161irok\u00e1, p\u0159il\u00e1kala mnoho star\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm do ulic na protest proti krajn\u00ed pravici nevy\u0161li. A kone\u010dn\u011b, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed se konala v\u0161ude, v\u010detn\u011b mal\u00fdch m\u011bst na v\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b, kde je krajn\u00ed pravice siln\u00e1 a kde je t\u0159eba m\u00edt odvahu se j\u00ed postavit.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dast\u0159edn\u00ed roli hr\u00e1lo klimatick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed Friday for Future, hlavn\u00ed organiz\u00e1tor, a nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace Campact. Pr\u00e1v\u011b d\u00edky jejich mistrovstv\u00ed v ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed, jejich n\u00e1rodn\u00edm kontakt\u016fm a schopnosti rychle nav\u00e1zat spojen\u00ed s m\u00edstn\u00edmi akt\u00e9ry se demonstrace rozrostly do takov\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. „Uk\u00e1zaly tak\u00e9 aktivist\u016fm, \u017ee roky pr\u00e1ce v ter\u00e9nu nebyly zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 – a neaktivist\u016fm, jak \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt takov\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Pit Terjung, jeden z mluv\u010d\u00edch. Od Nadace Antonia Amadeua a\u017e po „Babi\u010dky proti extr\u00e9mn\u00ed pravici“, v\u0161echny skupiny hovo\u0159\u00ed o rostouc\u00edm nad\u0161en\u00ed pro aktivismus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

„Abychom se posunuli d\u00e1l ne\u017e k prost\u00fdm protest\u016fm, pot\u0159ebujeme spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd lidi zmobilizuje. Ten zde nen\u00ed‘ – Lorenz Blumenthaler, Nadace Antonia Amadeua<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n

„Hnut\u00ed vytvo\u0159ilo spojenectv\u00ed a aktivovalo \u0159adu demokratick\u00fdch mechanism\u016f,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Lorenz Blumenthaler. Nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed zam\u011bstnavatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed se obecn\u011b vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed stran\u00e1m, zve\u0159ejnili spole\u010dnou v\u00fdzvu<\/a> s Konfederac\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch odborov\u00fdch svaz\u016f (DGB) proti my\u0161lence remigrace. C\u00edrkve zaujaly jasn\u00fd postoj proti AfD. Co se t\u00fd\u010de m\u00e9di\u00ed, ta v\u011bnovala v\u00edce pozornosti fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a c\u00edl\u016fm krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9 mlhoviny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzestup AfD na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na na Tik Toku, se stal p\u0159edm\u011btem zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. Do centra pozornosti se dostala zejm\u00e9na durynsk\u00e1 odno\u017e AfD, kter\u00e1 se z\u0159ejm\u011b dostane na vrchol v z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00fdch zemsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch v t\u00e9to spolkov\u00e9 zemi. Uk\u00e1zalo se tak, \u017ee strana m\u00e1 v pl\u00e1nu vyu\u017e\u00edt \u00fastavn\u00ed a politick\u00e9 p\u00e1ky a prom\u011bnit Durynsko v laborato\u0159 krajn\u00ed pravice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po t\u0159ech m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch protesty dramaticky poklesly co do po\u010dtu i \u010detnosti. Z n\u011bkolika set tis\u00edc demonstrant\u016f za v\u00edkend je nyn\u00ed jen n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek tis\u00edc. Podle Lorenze Blumenthalera to nen\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9: „Abychom se posunuli d\u00e1l ne\u017e k prost\u00fdm protest\u016fm, pot\u0159ebujeme spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, kter\u00fd lidi zmobilizuje. Ten tu ale nen\u00ed. A p\u0159esto\u017ee v\u0161echny tradi\u010dn\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany hnut\u00ed uv\u00edtaly a podpo\u0159ily, neiniciovaly ho a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 k n\u011bmu nep\u0159isp\u011bly.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 volb\u00e1m do Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b region\u00e1ln\u00edm volb\u00e1m ve t\u0159ech v\u00fdchodn\u00edch spolkov\u00fdch zem\u00edch se soci\u00e1ln\u011bdemokratick\u00e1 SPD a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm konzervativn\u00ed CDU sna\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edstavit si jak\u00e9koliv budouc\u00ed spojenectv\u00ed proti krajn\u00ed pravici. Je pro n\u011b tak\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zaujmout jasn\u00e9 postoje, aby vyty\u010dily \u010derven\u00e9 linie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 neodm\u00edtly protestn\u00ed voli\u010de krajn\u00ed pravice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Demonstrace p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm o\u017eivily debatu o sledov\u00e1n\u00ed strany, jej\u00ed\u017e pobo\u010dky v n\u011bkolika n\u011bmeck\u00fdch regionech zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby ozna\u010dily za extremistick\u00e9. Ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e se nyn\u00ed r\u00fdsuje perspektiva \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o z\u00e1kazu strany. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 \u00fastava s t\u00edm po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1, pokud existuj\u00ed „re\u00e1ln\u00e9 n\u00e1znaky“, \u017ee strana hodl\u00e1 napadnout a „zlikvidovat liber\u00e1ln\u00ed a demokratick\u00fd \u00fastavn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d“.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Miliony N\u011bmc\u016f demonstruj\u00ed proti krajn\u00ed pravici. Ne\u010dekan\u00e9 hnut\u00ed ot\u0159\u00e1slo AfD, ani\u017e by ji v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohrozilo. Zd\u00e1 se v\u0161ak, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e1 politick\u00e1 krajina se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zm\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40703,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-40718","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/40718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40718"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40718"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=40718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}