{"id":40921,"date":"2024-05-23T13:11:21","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T11:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=40921"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:33:33","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:33:33","slug":"a-step-to-the-left-a-step-to-the-right-the-new-european-centre","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/a-step-to-the-left-a-step-to-the-right-the-new-european-centre\/","title":{"rendered":"Krok doleva, krok doprava: nov\u00fd evropsk\u00fd st\u0159ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jeden z nejpoutav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch titulk\u016f posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f se objevil v Bari Weissov\u00e9<\/a> v The Free Press<\/em><\/strong>: „Jak se z potrat\u016f stala ‚defenz\u00edva policie GOP‘<\/a>„. V dob\u011b vrchol\u00edc\u00edch protest\u016f Black Lives Matter v roce 2020 v USA<\/a> se „Defund the Police“ stalo symbolem exces\u016f aktivistick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, kter\u00e1 byla mimo kontakt s obyvatelstvem<\/a>, a \u010derno\u0161sk\u00e9 \u017eivoty<\/a> kter\u00e9 jako by m\u011bly v\u00fdznam pouze jako rekvizity pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed politick\u00e9 c\u00edle – c\u00edle, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed tendenci tarish<\/a> image Demokratick\u00e9 strany u pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho voli\u010de. Jak ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku vysv\u011btluje Olivia Reingold<\/strong> republik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 strana USA je nyn\u00ed podobn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem p\u0159etahov\u00e1na o voli\u010dsky nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd postoj k potrat\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159eneseme-li tento obraz st\u0159edu a jeho okraj\u016f do evropsk\u00e9ho kontextu, m\u016f\u017eeme \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010di n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fd konzervatismus je pro populistickou pravici t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm je pro levici imigrace. To je p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011br, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017eeme vyvodit z hlubok\u00e9 a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy politologa Oliviera Roye<\/strong> v Le Grand Continent<\/em><\/strong>, „The Great Recentring<\/a>„, v n\u00ed\u017e Roy nasti\u0148uje nov\u00e9 parametry evropsk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho centrismu. P\u0159i bilancov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a proher evropsk\u00fdch populist\u016f v posledn\u00edch letech Roy konstatuje, \u017ee soci\u00e1ln\u011b konzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strany, jako je Vox v \u0160pan\u011blsku<\/a> (vystupuj\u00edc\u00ed proti man\u017eelstv\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed a potrat\u016fm) nebo PiS v Polsku<\/a>, maj\u00ed tendenci potk\u00e1vat mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed osudy ne\u017e soci\u00e1ln\u00ed liber\u00e1lov\u00e9 jako Geert Wilders v Nizozemsku<\/a>, nebo dokonce Marine Le Pen<\/a> v Francii<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Populismus, kter\u00fd zv\u00edt\u011bz\u00ed,“ p\u00ed\u0161e Roy, „je libertari\u00e1nsk\u00fd populismus […]. Marine Le Penov\u00e1 to jasn\u011b pochopila, kdy\u017e ve sv\u00e9 p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed platform\u011b v roce 2017 definovala francouzskou identitu pomoc\u00ed la\u00efcit\u00e9<\/em> [sekularismu], nikoliv k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed. Nezpochyb\u0148uje pr\u00e1vo na potrat ani man\u017eelstv\u00ed osob stejn\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed. V pr\u016fzkumech tak stoup\u00e1, zat\u00edmco Marion Mar\u00e9chalov\u00e1 se nedok\u00e1\u017ee prosadit.“ Geert Wilders<\/a>, v\u00edt\u011bz<\/a> voleb v Nizozemsku v prosinci 2023 m\u00e1 v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch spole\u010densk\u00fdch mrav\u016f rozhodn\u011b liber\u00e1ln\u00ed platformu.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edm, jak populistick\u00e1 pravice<\/a> v obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed evropsk\u00fdmi volbami v roce 2024<\/a> st\u00e1le z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na s\u00edle, je vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed na levici.eu\/en\/country\/denmark-en\/“>D\u00e1nsko<\/a>, kde je levicov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da Mette Frederiksenov\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdm (na evropsk\u00e9 pom\u011bry) neobvykle p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k imigraci a azylu<\/a>. „Je mi st\u00e1le jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee cenu za neregulovanou globalizaci, masovou imigraci a voln\u00fd pohyb pracovn\u00edch sil plat\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy,“ The Guardian<\/em><\/strong> citoval<\/a> Frederiksenovou t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed jej\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed por\u00e1\u017ekou d\u00e1nsk\u00e9 pravicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy v roce 2019. Pro Roye je d\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem nov\u00e9ho st\u0159edu v evropsk\u00e9 politice. „Nejtypi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad tohoto posunu,“ p\u00ed\u0161e Roy, „najdeme v D\u00e1nsku, kde soci\u00e1ln\u011bdemokratick\u00e1 strana zavedla nejrestriktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politiku vylou\u010den\u00ed a nucen\u00e9 asimilace v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, a to pr\u00e1v\u011b ve jm\u00e9nu soci\u00e1ln\u00edho modelu a liber\u00e1ln\u00edch hodnot“. Roy do tohoto posunu zahrnuje tak\u00e9 Francii Emmanuela Macrona<\/a> : „Ve Francii zakotv\u00ed potraty v \u00fastav\u011b hned p\u0159i schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed nejrestriktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho imigra\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kona.“ <\/p>

Ve Francii se potraty zakotv\u00ed v \u00fastav\u011b hned p\u0159i schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed nejrestriktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho imigra\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1kona.\n\n\n\n

K t\u00e9matu Macron a politick\u00fd st\u0159ed stoj\u00ed za to p\u0159ipomenout Didiera Fassina<\/strong> v London Review of Books<\/em><\/strong> \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a> z roku 2019, kde Fassin tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Macron („extr\u00e9mn\u00ed centrista“) je ve skute\u010dnosti sv\u00e9ho druhu populista: „Populismus je obvykle ch\u00e1p\u00e1n jako diskurzivn\u00ed strategie, kter\u00e1 stav\u00ed proti sob\u011b lid a elitu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e populist\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zastupuj\u00ed prvn\u00ed proti druh\u00fdm. Belgick\u00e1 politick\u00e1 teoreti\u010dka Chantal Mouffeov\u00e1, zast\u00e1nkyn\u011b levicov\u00e9ho populismu, v\u0161ak p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento populismus tak\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed formu moci a vy\u017eaduje charismatick\u00e9ho v\u016fdce. Macron, kter\u00fd tolik zd\u016fraz\u0148uje sv\u00e9 odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch politick\u00fdch elit – pravicov\u00fdch i levicov\u00fdch – a touhu po p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m vztahu s lidem, je nepochybn\u011b populista.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed vybo\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed osobnost\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 levice a politi\u010dkou, kter\u00e1 nepochybn\u011b souhlas\u00ed s anal\u00fdzou masov\u00e9 migrace Mette Frederiksenov\u00e9, je Sahra Wagenknechtov\u00e1 v N\u011bmecku<\/a>.  Julia Kaiserov\u00e1<\/strong>, p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a> pro UK<\/a> v\u00fdstup zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na politiku EU, Parlament<\/em><\/strong>, poukazuje na ironii skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed volebn\u00ed hrozbou AfD<\/a> je – krom\u011b snah o p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zak\u00e1zat<\/a> – p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b od politika, kter\u00fd stoj\u00ed zd\u00e1nliv\u011b na opa\u010dn\u00e9 stran\u011b politick\u00e9ho spektra. V rozhovoru s Kaiserem, \u010dlenem p\u0159edstavenstva n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho institutu pro anal\u00fdzu voleb Forschungsgruppe Wahlen<\/a> poukazuje na volebn\u00ed p\u0159ekryv mezi AfD a Wagenknechtovou BSW: „P\u0159i pohledu na skupiny p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f vid\u00edme nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l v z\u00e1kladn\u011b podporovatel\u016f AfD: 43 % p\u0159\u00edznivc\u016f AfD zva\u017euje volbu BSW.“ Fabio De Masi, vedouc\u00ed kandid\u00e1t BSW v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch EU volb\u00e1ch<\/a>, otev\u0159en\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o snaze strany vyu\u017e\u00edt frustrace voli\u010d\u016f AfD: „Chceme u\u010dinit seri\u00f3zn\u00ed nab\u00eddku t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed vol\u00ed AfD z frustrace a hn\u011bvu, proto\u017ee si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee je to nejviditeln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u016fj protest.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f v\u0161ak Wagenknecht do nov\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho st\u0159edu, kter\u00fd nast\u00ednil Olivier Roy, nepat\u0159\u00ed. Mezi tyto d\u016fvody pat\u0159\u00ed jej\u00ed \u00fadajn\u00fd euroskepticismus a tak\u00e9 jej\u00ed odpor<\/a> v\u016f\u010di poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 pomoci Ukrajin\u011b<\/a>. Frederiksen, stejn\u011b jako nap\u0159\u00edklad ned\u00e1vno zvolen\u00fd polsk\u00fd Donald Tusk<\/a>, se sice mo\u017en\u00e1 roze\u0161li s liber\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010di levicov\u00fdm konsensem v ot\u00e1zce migrace, ale jsou pevn\u011b pro NATO a pro Ukrajinu a sotva maj\u00ed v t\u011ble euroskeptickou kost. \u010clov\u011bk by si nikdy nedok\u00e1zal p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by EU Observer<\/em><\/strong> zve\u0159ejnil \u010dl\u00e1nek, v n\u011bm\u017e by prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm p\u0159edsedou Rady EU by m\u011bl b\u00fdt n\u011bkdo jako Wagenknecht, ale sotva ho p\u0159ekvap\u00ed, \u017ee zve\u0159ejnil \u010dl\u00e1nek, v n\u011bm\u017e tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by tuto funkci m\u011bla zast\u00e1vat Mette Frederiksenov\u00e1. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

EUROPEUM<\/a> v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Hugo Blewett-Mundy<\/strong> p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a> \u017ee Frederiksenov\u00e1 je ide\u00e1ln\u00edm kandid\u00e1tem na m\u00edsto Charlese Michela, a\u017e mu v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti skon\u010d\u00ed mand\u00e1t, a \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo\u010dar\u00fd postoj k Rusku<\/a> by j\u00ed m\u011bl tuto roli vyn\u00e9st. D\u00e1nsko je „druh\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm bilater\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u00e1rcem Kyjeva v pom\u011bru k hrub\u00e9mu dom\u00e1c\u00edmu produktu (po Estonsku) […]. Navzdory ekonomick\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm v\u00e1lky D\u00e1nsko vy\u010dlenilo 60,4 miliardy kr (8,1 miliardy eur) v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm fondu pro Ukrajinu<\/a>. Frederiksen tak\u00e9 osobn\u011b vedl spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed investic do obrany.“ Blewett-Mundyov\u00e1 rovn\u011b\u017e vyzdvihuje Frederiksen\u016fv talent pro budov\u00e1n\u00ed konsensu: Frederiksenova vl\u00e1da vedla v \u010dervnu 2022 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou kampa\u0148 v referendu, aby zvr\u00e1tila odstoupen\u00ed D\u00e1nska od obrann\u00e9 politiky EU<\/a>, co\u017e bylo „odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed pro tradi\u010dn\u011b euroskeptickou zemi“.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tento m\u011bs\u00edc se v p\u0159ehledu tisku v\u011bnujeme eseji Oliviera Roye o nov\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m st\u0159edu a n\u011bkolika evropsk\u00fdm politick\u00fdm osobnostem, kter\u00e9 do n\u011bj zapadaj\u00ed nebo ho poru\u0161uj\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40906,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-40921","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/40921","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40906"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40921"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=40921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}