{"id":41061,"date":"2024-05-27T11:02:13","date_gmt":"2024-05-27T09:02:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=41061"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:33:20","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:33:20","slug":"migranti-pamet-a-prava-vyvolavaji-boj-proti-daleke-pravici-narativ","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/migranti-pamet-a-prava-vyvolavaji-boj-proti-daleke-pravici-narativ\/","title":{"rendered":"Migranti, pam\u011b\u0165 a pr\u00e1va: Boj \u0160pan\u011blska proti krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9mu narativu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ve slovn\u00edku \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9<\/a> populistick\u00e9 pravice je slovo, kter\u00e9 v sob\u011b koncentruje v\u0161echny obavy identit\u00e1rn\u00edch nacionalist\u016f: mena,<\/em> zkratka pro menor extranjero no acompa\u00f1ado<\/em> (nezletil\u00fd cizinec<\/em> bez doprovodu). Tento pr\u00e1vnick\u00fd v\u00fdraz ozna\u010duje migranty mlad\u0161\u00ed 18 let, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed do \u0160pan\u011blska bez rodin a za kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed p\u0159evz\u00edt odpov\u011bdnost st\u00e1t. <\/p>\n\n

Extremistick\u00e9 kruhy jsou prostoupeny r\u00e9torikou o men\u011b<\/em>, kter\u00e1 se objevuje i na plak\u00e1tech na ulic\u00edch a ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 doprav\u011b. Doty\u010dn\u00ed meny jsou obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ni z n\u00e1sil\u00ed, zastra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pokojn\u00fdch soused\u016f, od\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1vek na \u00fakor domorodc\u016f. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno: jsou na obt\u00ed\u017e a m\u011bli by b\u00fdt vyho\u0161t\u011bni.<\/p>\n\n

Mluv\u00ed o fale\u0161n\u00fdch argumentech, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak u ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti populace rezonuj\u00ed. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f<\/a> (duben 2024) Centra pro sociologick\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy (Centro de Investigaciones Sociol\u00f3gicas), ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho org\u00e1nu pov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumem preferenc\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, by dnes 10 % \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f v parlamentn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch volilo Vox<\/a>, krajn\u011b pravicovou stranu, kter\u00e1 vznikla p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e deseti lety roz\u0161t\u011bpen\u00edm \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 konzervativn\u00ed strany Partido Popular (PP). Vox ji\u017e zased\u00e1 v koali\u010dn\u00edch vl\u00e1d\u00e1ch n\u011bkolika \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch region\u016f. V zemi, kter\u00e1 je d\u00edky sv\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 poloze vstupn\u00ed branou do Evropy z Afriky, se pro Vox stala d\u00e9monizace nezletil\u00fdch migrant\u016f jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch politick\u00fdch trumf\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 t\u00e9to r\u00e9torice rasov\u00e9 nevra\u017eivosti reagovala \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou kampan\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se poda\u0159ilo Voxovu tezi prakticky p\u0159ehlu\u0161it. Hnut\u00ed Esenciales<\/a>, podporovan\u00e9 v\u00edce ne\u017e 900 nevl\u00e1dn\u00edmi organizacemi, minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc p\u0159im\u011blo doln\u00ed komoru \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho parlamentu, aby p\u0159ijala legislativn\u00ed iniciativu, kter\u00e1<\/a> by uz\u00e1konila p\u0159esn\u00fd opak toho, co prosazuj\u00ed extremist\u00e9: legalizovala by v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 000 migrant\u016f bez doklad\u016f. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona pro\u0161el prvn\u00edm \u010dten\u00edm drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inou: 310 hlas\u016f pro a 33 proti. A cel\u00e1 epizoda vyvolala jen velmi malou medi\u00e1ln\u00ed polemiku. Jak to bylo mo\u017en\u00e9?<\/p>\n\n

Podle Gonzala Fanjula, \u0159editele v\u00fdzkumu Nadace porCausa,<\/a> kter\u00fd v Kongresu vystoupil na obranu regularizace, je strategi\u00ed „vytvo\u0159it narativ, kter\u00fd nahrad\u00ed narativ krajn\u00ed pravice“, ani\u017e by reagoval na jej\u00ed postul\u00e1ty. „Nem\u00e1me z\u00e1jem h\u00e1dat se s t\u011bmi, kdo v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Zem\u011b je placat\u00e1,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Fanjul.<\/p>\n\n

„\u010c\u00e1st spole\u010dnosti pochopila, \u017ee nen\u00ed rozumn\u00e9, aby n\u00e1s politick\u00e9 strany kv\u016fli volb\u00e1m dost\u00e1valy do kolektivn\u00ed hysterie.“ – Gonzalo Fanjul, Nadace porCausa<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

Iniciativa, kter\u00e1 vze\u0161la z komunit migrant\u016f, z\u00edskala v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 000 podpis\u016f od oby\u010dejn\u00fdch \u0160pan\u011bl\u016f. Apeluje nejen na solidaritu, ale tak\u00e9 na ekonomick\u00e9 motivy, nap\u0159\u00edklad na p\u0159\u00edslib da\u0148ov\u00fdch odvod\u016f migrant\u016f. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b \u010delit legislativn\u00edm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m, ale kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uz\u00e1kon\u011bn, nakonec podpo\u0159ila dokonce i katolick\u00e1 c\u00edrkev a podnikatelsk\u00e9 organizace.<\/p>\n\n

„\u010c\u00e1st spole\u010dnosti pochopila, \u017ee nen\u00ed rozumn\u00e9, aby n\u00e1s politick\u00e9 strany kv\u016fli volb\u00e1m nech\u00e1valy chytat do kolektivn\u00ed hysterie,“ tvrd\u00ed Fanjul. Vox a krajn\u00ed pravice podle n\u011bj „nic nepochopily, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed esencialistickou a hyperidentit\u00e1\u0159skou p\u0159edstavu o \u0160pan\u011blsku, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed zemi z doby p\u0159ed sto lety, kter\u00e1 u\u017e neexistuje“.<\/p>\n\n

Obrana historick\u00e9 pam\u011bti<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, jej\u00ed\u017e 90. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed uplyne v roce 2026, se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 dodnes. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011bt desetilet\u00ed po skon\u010den\u00ed Frankovy diktatury z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 pora\u017een\u00e9 strany v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech doslova poh\u0159bena. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 st\u0159edolev\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy veden\u00e9 Socialistickou stranou (PSOE) byly p\u0159ipraveny financovat exhumaci tis\u00edc\u016f masov\u00fdch hrob\u016f po cel\u00e9m \u0160pan\u011blsku, v nich\u017e jsou ulo\u017eeny ostatky republik\u00e1n\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159eli v boj\u00edch a p\u0159i repres\u00edch. Krajn\u00ed pravice, a dokonce i konzervativci hlavn\u00edho proudu, v\u0161ak tyto snahy torp\u00e9duj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

„Ve \u0160pan\u011blsku neprob\u011bhla denacifikace jako v N\u011bmecku, proto\u017ee zde zv\u00edt\u011bzili,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Enrique G\u00f3mez, p\u0159edseda Asociaci\u00f3n por la Recuperaci\u00f3n de la Memoria Hist\u00f3rica<\/a> v Aragonii. Tento region na severov\u00fdchod\u011b \u0160pan\u011blska m\u00e1 v souladu s decentralizovanou \u00fastavou rozs\u00e1hlou samospr\u00e1vu.<\/p>\n\n

Po lo\u0148sk\u00fdch region\u00e1ln\u00edch volb\u00e1ch se v Aragonii poprv\u00e9 dostala k moci koalice PP a Vox. Mezi prvn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy pat\u0159ilo zru\u0161en\u00ed aragonsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o historick\u00e9 pam\u011bti. Jeho d\u016fsledkem bylo zt\u00ed\u017een\u00ed exhumace masov\u00fdch hrob\u016f nebo dokonce po\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed informativn\u00edch besed pro d\u011bti ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. „P\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed z\u00e1kony v rozporu se z\u00e1konem,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 G\u00f3mez. Vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, jak jeho organizaci dokonce odep\u0159eli \u017eidle na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 akci k uct\u011bn\u00ed pam\u00e1tky padl\u00fdch na antifa\u0161istick\u00e9 stran\u011b v ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.<\/p>\n\n

Odpov\u011bd\u00ed \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti bylo zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed kontakt\u016f se sdru\u017een\u00edmi v jin\u00fdch regionech. „Kupodivu jsme aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdy jindy,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Enrique G\u00f3mez. P\u0159ib\u00fdv\u00e1 vzpom\u00ednkov\u00fdch v\u00fdstav, \u0159editel\u00e9 \u0161kol se br\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kazu a za\u0159azuj\u00ed tuto problematiku do \u0161koln\u00edch osnov. Tato odezva ho t\u011b\u0161\u00ed: „Jsou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ch\u00e1pou, \u017ee chceme jen poh\u0159b\u00edt sv\u00e9 mrtv\u00e9, a zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed k tomu stanovisko.“<\/p>\n\n

Ohro\u017een\u00ed pr\u00e1v LGTBI<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

Dokonce i v Madridu, jednom z nejp\u0159\u00edv\u011btiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch m\u00edst pro LGBTI komunitu ve \u0160pan\u011blsku, se rozm\u00e1h\u00e1 krajn\u011b pravicov\u00fd <\/a>diskurz. Region\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da PP schv\u00e1lila dva z\u00e1kony zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 proti transgenderov\u00e9 komunit\u011b. V lo\u0148sk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch z\u00edskala PP absolutn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje vl\u00e1dnout samostatn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Jeden z t\u011bchto z\u00e1kon\u016f odstra\u0148uje ze z\u00e1kona pojem „genderov\u00e1 identita“, a podle Amnesty International tak znovu otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e pro aplikaci konverzn\u00edch terapi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 odm\u00edtaj\u00ed \u010detn\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace. \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed vl\u00e1da z\u00e1kon kritizovala a zva\u017euje jeho odvol\u00e1n\u00ed pro poru\u0161en\u00ed \u00fastavy.<\/p>\n\n

Prvn\u00ed reakce v\u0161ak p\u0159i\u0161la do ulic, kde aktivist\u00e9 demonstrovali v centru hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta. A jejich hnut\u00ed bude s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed viditelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010dervencov\u00fdch pr\u016fvod\u016f hrdosti homosexu\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159elo\u017eil Harry Bowden<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vzestup \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 krajn\u011b pravicov\u00e9 strany Vox vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 strachu z migrant\u016f a nezletil\u00fdch bez doprovodu, ale ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost se br\u00e1n\u00ed pro-migra\u010dn\u00ed legislativou a snahou o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00e9 pam\u011bti proti frankistick\u00e9 nostalgii, stejn\u011b jako pr\u00e1vy LGTBI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41044,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-41061","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","displeu_authors__repo-voxeurop"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/41061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41061"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=41061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}