{"id":41451,"date":"2024-06-04T11:35:16","date_gmt":"2024-06-04T09:35:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=41451"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:33:04","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:33:04","slug":"20-let-po-rozsireni-velke-banky-uspesna-konvergence-v-erozdeleni","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/20-let-po-rozsireni-velke-banky-uspesna-konvergence-v-erozdeleni\/","title":{"rendered":"20 let po velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed: \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 konvergence v \u00e9\u0159e rozd\u011blen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Dne 1. kv\u011btna 2004 p\u0159istoupila Evropsk\u00e1 unie ke sv\u00e9mu dosud nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. P\u0159i tomto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed<\/a> zvan\u00e9m „velk\u00fd t\u0159esk“ se \u00fatuln\u00fd klub patn\u00e1cti p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00e1padoevropsk\u00fdch a jihoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed EU rozrostl o deset nov\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f. Osm z nich – \u010cesk\u00e1 republika<\/a>, Estonsko<\/a>, Loty\u0161sko<\/a>, Litva<\/a>, Ma\u010farsko<\/a>, Polsko<\/a>, Slovensko<\/a> a Slovinsko<\/a> – se d\u0159\u00edve tetelily pod sov\u011btsk\u00fdm jhem. K nim se p\u0159ipojily Malta<\/a> a Kypr<\/a>, kter\u00e9 nebyly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ed\u0161e se z \u0160v\u00fdcarska<\/a> v <\/a>Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung<\/em><\/a>,<\/strong> Nikolai Thelitz<\/strong> a Nina Belz<\/strong> poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 unie chovali nad\u011bje na hospod\u00e1\u0159skou prosperitu a politick\u00fd a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pokrok, zat\u00edmco sta\u0159\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b se ob\u00e1vali migrace, mzdov\u00e9 deflace a fisk\u00e1ln\u00edch po\u017eadavk\u016f \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed integrace. Helga Schmidt<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 pro n\u011bmeckou zpravodajskou platformu Tagesscha<\/em>u<\/strong><\/a> z Bruselu informuje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 obavy Z\u00e1padu se naplnily: politika soudr\u017enosti EU, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem je pozvednout m\u00e9n\u011b bohat\u00e9 regiony, v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch p\u0159esm\u011brovala finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b na v\u00fdchod, a to na \u00fakor ji\u017en\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. Navzdory t\u011bmto posun\u016fm je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na v\u00fdchod nyn\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1no za triumf v\u0161ech z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek pro stejn\u00fd zpravodajsk\u00fd server, Jenni Rieger<\/strong> uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/a> \u017ee N\u011bmecko<\/a> nyn\u00ed host\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 820 000 pracovn\u00edk\u016f ze zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159ipojily k EU v r\u00e1mci jej\u00edho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na v\u00fdchod. Na rozd\u00edl od chmurn\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed p\u0159\u00edliv pracovn\u00edk\u016f z t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU nevytla\u010dil n\u011bmeck\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky. Naopak, pomohl p\u0159eklenout zna\u010dn\u00e9 mezery na trhu pr\u00e1ce, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e migranti jsou zam\u011bstn\u00e1ni p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v odv\u011btv\u00edch, kter\u00e1 jsou pro m\u00edstn\u00ed pracovn\u00edky m\u00e9n\u011b atraktivn\u00ed kv\u016fli n\u00edzk\u00fdm mzd\u00e1m nebo neatraktivn\u00edm pracovn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmeck\u00fdm firm\u00e1m p\u0159ineslo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed EU nejen novou pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu, ale tak\u00e9 otev\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00fdch trh\u016f, co\u017e usnadnilo expanzi v d\u016fsledku poklesu obchodn\u00edch bari\u00e9r. Rostouc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 a v\u00fdrazn\u00fd r\u016fst mezd v n\u011bkter\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00edch ve v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch EU v\u0161ak zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee N\u011bmecko je pro imigraci m\u00e9n\u011b atraktivn\u00ed ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se ji\u017e nov\u00ed pracovn\u00edci do N\u011bmecka nehrnou, naopak se projevuje trend, kdy migranti z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u011bkolik let a pak se vracej\u00ed dom\u016f. Z ekonomick\u00e9ho hlediska bude potenci\u00e1l budouc\u00edho r\u016fstu v t\u00e9to oblasti v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b stagnovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V podobn\u011b optimistick\u00e9m t\u00f3nu se  Gerald Schubert<\/strong> zam\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed nad „velk\u00fdm t\u0159eskem“ ve sv\u00e9m koment\u00e1\u0159i pro Der Standard<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, ze sousedn\u00edho Rakouska<\/a>. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159ineslo zna\u010dn\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody, zejm\u00e9na Rakousku, a v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b nabylo na v\u00fdznamu uprost\u0159ed siln\u00fdch pokus\u016f Ruska<\/a> o znovuz\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry vlivu. Schubert tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ijet\u00ed st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fdch a v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fdch demokraci\u00ed do EU – unie zalo\u017een\u00e9 nikoli jako obrana proti vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm, ale jako ochrana p\u0159ed vnit\u0159n\u00edmi d\u00e9mony, kte\u0159\u00ed vyvolali hr\u016fzy druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky – bylo proz\u00edrav\u00e9 a nezbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00ed\u0161e z geograficky vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00edho \u0160pan\u011blska<\/a> pro El Independiente<\/strong><\/em>, Ana Alonso<\/strong> poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1<\/a> \u017ee nov\u00e1\u010dci z roku 2004 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed zasti\u0148ovat mnoh\u00e9 d\u00e9le p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed \u010dleny EU. Upozor\u0148uje na Polsko, kter\u00e9 nejen\u017ee doh\u00e1n\u00ed \u0160pan\u011blsko v hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m rozvoji, ale p\u0159edstihuje ho i v politick\u00e9m vlivu v r\u00e1mci Evropy. Za dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU Polsko zv\u00fd\u0161ilo sv\u016fj HDP o 40 %, p\u0159edstihlo Portugalsko v HDP na obyvatele a nyn\u00ed se d\u00edky ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed nezam\u011bstnanosti a siln\u00e9mu r\u016fstu sna\u017e\u00ed vyzvat \u0160pan\u011blsko. Navzdory ekonomick\u00fdm ot\u0159es\u016fm zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm ruskou invaz\u00ed na Ukrajinu<\/a> a p\u0159ijet\u00edm t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 milionu uprchl\u00edk\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vyhl\u00eddky Polska optimistick\u00e9. Polsko si nav\u00edc v reakci na rusk\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed vyty\u010duje v\u00fdznamnou politickou niku. Alonso navrhuje, \u017ee aby si \u0160pan\u011blsko udr\u017eelo sv\u016fj v\u00fdznam v EU, m\u011blo by Polsko uznat jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho hr\u00e1\u010de.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku pro Hrot<\/strong> <\/em>magaz\u00edn<\/a>, Miroslav Z\u00e1me\u010dn\u00edk<\/strong>, \u010desk\u00fd ekonom, chv\u00e1l\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00fd pokrok Polska za posledn\u00edch dvacet let. Polsko, kter\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednalo z nev\u00fdhodn\u00e9 pozice, proz\u00edrav\u011b vyu\u017eilo fondy EU ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e9 infrastruktury a polo\u017eilo tis\u00edce kilometr\u016f d\u00e1lnic. Naproti tomu v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice do\u0161lo sp\u00ed\u0161e k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rozhleden ne\u017e k podstatn\u00e9mu pokroku v infrastruktu\u0159e. Podobn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e v Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch novin\u00e1ch<\/strong><\/em> ekonom Petr J. Kala\u0161<\/strong> upozor\u0148uje<\/a> \u017ee a\u010dkoli \u010cesk\u00e1 republika vede Visegr\u00e1dskou \u010dty\u0159ku<\/a> s \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed na \u00farovni 90 % pr\u016fm\u011bru EU, jej\u00ed r\u016fst je skromn\u00fd, za 20 let se zv\u00fd\u0161il jen o 10 %. Naproti tomu Polsko zaznamenalo dramatick\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b o 40 %, co\u017e podtrhuje jeho efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdhod integrace do EU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Od \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry k tygrovi, kter\u00e9mu doch\u00e1z\u00ed dech“: To jsou slova, kter\u00fdmi Katar\u00edna Runnov\u00e1<\/strong> vystihuje<\/a> 20 let \u010dlenstv\u00ed Slovenska v EU na zpravodajsk\u00e9m port\u00e1lu Aktuality.sk<\/strong><\/em>. Po rozpadu \u010ceskoslovenska v roce 1993 se Slovensko pot\u00fdkalo s v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi a politick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my. V desetilet\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm po vstupu do EU v\u0161ak nastala zlat\u00e1 \u00e9ra, d\u00edky hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm reform\u00e1m a povstupov\u00e9mu boomu si Slovensko vyslou\u017eilo p\u0159ezd\u00edvku „tatransk\u00fd tygr“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od t\u00e9 doby v\u0161ak dynamika r\u016fstu poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 levnou pracovn\u00ed silou a dovozem technologi\u00ed sl\u00e1bne a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd nov\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd model nen\u00ed na obzoru. Podle Pravdy<\/em><\/a>, cituj\u00edc\u00ed Euractiv<\/strong> <\/em>analyti\u010dku Barbaru Zmu\u0161kovou<\/strong>, je jedinou sch\u016fdnou cestou vp\u0159ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed z\u00e1sady, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed prosperita vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 z jednotn\u00e9ho trhu. To zahrnuje integraci d\u0159\u00edve odd\u011blen\u00fdch trh\u016f, jako jsou finan\u010dn\u00ed, energetick\u00fd a telekomunika\u010dn\u00ed. Pro Slovensko, kde nar\u016fstaj\u00ed protibruselsk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby jeho ob\u010dan\u00e9 uznali, \u017ee zem\u011b EU, kter\u00e9 v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch p\u0159isp\u011bly miliardami eur, neskr\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9 \u00famysly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
V\u00edce <\/strong>v\u00fdb\u011br\u016f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Pokus o atent\u00e1t na Roberta Fica: Zlomov\u00fd okam\u017eik pro budoucnost zem\u011b<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n
Mat\u00fa\u0161 Kostoln\u00fd | Denn\u00edk N<\/em> | 16. kv\u011btna | SK<\/strong><\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Podle Mat\u00fa\u0161e Kostoln\u00e9ho<\/strong><\/a>, \u0161\u00e9fredaktora Den\u00edku N<\/em>,<\/strong> atent\u00e1t na slovensk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Roberta Fica znamen\u00e1 konec demokratick\u00e9 \u00e9ry Slovenska po roce 1989. A\u010dkoli se politick\u00e9 souboje na Slovensku \u010dasto vyzna\u010dovaly vulgaritami, byly p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b slovn\u00ed, ob\u010das i intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed. Kostoln\u00fd tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee atent\u00e1ty na politiky jsou charakteristick\u00fdm znakem totalitn\u00edch re\u017eim\u016f. P\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee nejde o prvn\u00ed politickou vra\u017edu na Slovensku; jako chmurn\u00fd precedens slou\u017e\u00ed zabit\u00ed novin\u00e1\u0159e J\u00e1na Kuciaka<\/a> z roku 2018. Historick\u00e9 i glob\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee spole\u010densk\u00e9 rozpory a slovn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed mohou p\u0159er\u016fst ve fyzick\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed. \u00datok na premi\u00e9ra Fica, tvrd\u00ed Kostoln\u00fd, je kritick\u00fdm bodem. Znamen\u00e1 konec \u00e9ry r\u00e9torick\u00fdch poty\u010dek a p\u0159edznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed okam\u017eik pro Slovensko. Nyn\u00ed se n\u00e1rod mus\u00ed rozhodnout, zda se p\u0159ipoj\u00ed k civilizovan\u00e9mu, demokratick\u00e9mu Z\u00e1padu – kde se zlo\u010diny \u0159e\u0161\u00ed soudn\u011b, a ne krveprolit\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V tomto p\u0159ehledu tisku se v\u011bnujeme reflexi evropsk\u00e9ho tisku u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed dosud nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed EU po dvaceti letech.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":41396,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-41451","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/41451","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/41396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=41451"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=41451"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=41451"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}