{"id":42669,"date":"2023-10-10T09:00:23","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T07:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=42669"},"modified":"2024-06-20T09:06:32","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T07:06:32","slug":"zatimco-se-v-evrope-siri-chudoba-bohatstvi-je-stale-osvobozeno-od-dani","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/article\/zatimco-se-v-evrope-siri-chudoba-bohatstvi-je-stale-osvobozeno-od-dani\/","title":{"rendered":"Zat\u00edmco se v Evrop\u011b \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed chudoba, bohatstv\u00ed je (st\u00e1le) osvobozeno od dan\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pr\u016fzkum, kter\u00fd<\/a> provedla agentura Ipsos na za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a kter\u00e9ho se z\u00fa\u010dastnilo 10 000 lid\u00ed ve Francii<\/a>, N\u011bmecku,<\/a> \u0158ecku<\/a>, It\u00e1lii,<\/a> Polsku<\/a>, Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<\/a>, Portugalsku<\/a>, Moldavsku<\/a> a Srbsku<\/a>, uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee Evropan\u00e9 proch\u00e1zej\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm obdob\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

U 55 procent dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch se kupn\u00ed s\u00edla za posledn\u00ed t\u0159i roky sn\u00ed\u017eila. Hlavn\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou je nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b r\u016fst cen. T\u0159etina respondent\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee jsou ekonomicky nejist\u00ed (v pr\u016fm\u011bru 29 %, v \u0158ecku a Moldavsku t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 %). T\u0159icet procent z nich uvedlo, \u017ee ji\u017e vynechali jedno j\u00eddlo, a t\u0159etina tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jejich plat ji\u017e nen\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd. Eurostat<\/a> tento trend potvrzuje<\/a>: v roce 2022 bylo v EU<\/a> ohro\u017eeno chudobou nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00edm vylou\u010den\u00edm 95,3 milionu lid\u00ed<\/strong>, tedy 21,6 procenta obyvatel<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n

A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o klasick\u00e9 placen\u00e9 zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed nebo o nov\u00e9 a nejist\u00e9 typy pr\u00e1ce, tato pracuj\u00edc\u00ed Evropa je st\u00e1le chud\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159esto studie OECD, kterou<\/a> analyzoval<\/a> francouzsk\u00fd m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edk \n Alternatives Economiques<\/em>\n<\/strong> ukazuje, \u017ee pr\u00e1ce je zdan\u011bna v\u00edce ne\u017e kapit\u00e1l. S v\u00fdjimkou pouh\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed zem\u00ed (\u0160v\u00fdcarsko, \u0160pan\u011blsko<\/a> a Kolumbie<\/a>) je v\u0161ude na sv\u011bt\u011b da\u0148ov\u011b atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pob\u00edrat dividendy ne\u017e vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat mzdu. A shodou okolnost\u00ed jsou dividendy v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v dobr\u00e9 kondici: ve druh\u00e9m \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2023 jich 1 200 k\u00f3tovan\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed rozd\u011blilo 568,1 miliardy dolar\u016f<\/strong>, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1r\u016fst o 4,9 %<\/strong> oproti roku 2022 (\u00fadaje spole\u010dnosti Janus Henderson, duben-\u010derven, uv\u00e1d\u00ed Lib\u00e9ration<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n

Zdan\u011bn\u00ed kapit\u00e1lu: \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Jeden z n\u00e1vrh\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed od skupiny Zelen\u00fdch\/EFA v Evropsk\u00e9m parlamentu. Dne 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku vydala zpr\u00e1vu„Zdan\u011bn\u00ed bohat\u00fdch:<\/a> Na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f ze Sv\u011btov\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze nerovnosti<\/a> vypracovala spole\u010dn\u011b s nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizac\u00ed Tax Justice Network<\/a> zpr\u00e1vu „Od sloganu k realit\u011b<\/a>„. „M\u00edrn\u00e1 a progresivn\u00ed“ da\u0148 z majetku<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje na 0,5 % nejbohat\u0161\u00edch v ka\u017ed\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 zemi, by p\u0159inesla v\u00edce ne\u017e 213 miliard eur da\u0148ov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f<\/strong> ro\u010dn\u011b. Podle francouzsk\u00fdch novin \n Le Monde<\/em>\n<\/strong>„0,5 procenta obyvatelstva vlastn\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 procent evropsk\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed, zat\u00edmco cel\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed polovina obyvatelstva 3,5 procenta. Toto bohatstv\u00ed vzrostlo za deset let o 35 procent“.<\/p>\n\n

Stejn\u00fdm sm\u011brem se ub\u00edr\u00e1 i evropsk\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 iniciativa<\/strong>, kterou p\u0159edlo\u017eili belgick\u00fd socialista Paul Magnette a francouzsk\u00e1 socialistka Aurore Lalucq. Evropsk\u00e1 komise petici p\u0159ijala a 9. \u0159\u00edjna<\/a> zah\u00e1jila sb\u011br podpis\u016f. Navrhuje zdan\u011bn\u00ed velk\u00fdch nemovitost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by m\u011blo slou\u017eit k financov\u00e1n\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00edch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch program\u016f a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho rozvoje.<\/p>\n\n

Podle Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky<\/a> bude ekologick\u00fd p\u0159echod drah\u00fd. Velmi drah\u00e9. Zejm\u00e9na pro oby\u010dejn\u00e9 lidi: v nejhor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f za energie a\u017e o 50 %.<\/p>\n\n

Zdan\u011bn\u00ed majetku zn\u00ed slo\u017eit\u011b, ale je to mo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

\u0160pan\u011blsko se pustilo do pr\u00e1ce: jak uvedla tiskov\u00e1 agentura \n EFE<\/strong>\n<\/em> se<\/a> chyst\u00e1 zaveden\u00ed „solid\u00e1rn\u00ed dan\u011b“, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla postihnout \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd majetek v hodnot\u011b 3 miliony eur a v\u00edce. Krom\u011b toho se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed da\u0148 z kapit\u00e1lov\u00fdch v\u00fdnos\u016f a zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed se da\u0148ov\u00e1 hranice pro ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

Na stejn\u00e9 t\u00e9ma<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
<\/a>Restos du c\u0153ur: „Vl\u00e1da vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 solidaritu a zbavuje se odpov\u011bdnosti<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n

Elsa Da Costa | La Croix<\/em> | 9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed | FR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Restos du C\u0153ur je jednou z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch francouzsk\u00fdch charitativn\u00edch organizac\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se distribuc\u00ed potravin. Sdru\u017een\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vydalo v\u00fdzvu k pomoci: letos je na jeho seznamech 1,3 milionu Francouz\u016f, co\u017e je o 20 procent v\u00edce ne\u017e v roce 2022, kdy se \u010d\u00edsla ji\u017e prudce zv\u00fd\u0161ila. Hroz\u00ed, \u017ee organizace bude potopena. Bernard Arnault<\/strong>, jeden z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch mu\u017e\u016f sv\u011bta a majitel skupiny LVMH<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed luxusn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, na v\u00fdzvu reagoval darem ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 milion\u016f eur. Jak velkorys\u00e9 to bylo pro n\u011bkoho, jeho\u017e majetek se odhaduje na 214 miliard eur? Odborn\u00edk na kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost Mathis Hammel<\/a> vytvo\u0159il srovn\u00e1va\u010d<\/a>, kter\u00fd poskytuje odpov\u011b\u010f: pro \u010dlov\u011bka s p\u0159\u00edjmem 35 000 EUR to odpov\u00edd\u00e1 1,64 EUR.<\/p>\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 je skute\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem velk\u00e1 absence. „Kde je st\u00e1t?“ pt\u00e1 se Elsa Da Costa. „Vl\u00e1da zlid\u0161tila solidaritu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Uberu. Vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se sv\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti, tedy \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nedostatku potravin. A ti nejchud\u0161\u00ed zat\u00edm stoj\u00ed fronty u v\u00fdva\u0159oven.“<\/p>\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Pro\u010d jsme p\u0159estali v\u011b\u0159it v bohat\u00e9?<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n

Micha\u0142 Zabdyr-Jamr\u00f3z<\/a> | Znak<\/em> | 18. \u010dervence | PL (paywall)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Po desetilet\u00ed v m\u00e9di\u00edch p\u0159evl\u00e1dal kapitalisticko-meritokratick\u00fd n\u00e1zor, \u017ee bohatstv\u00ed je d\u016fkazem z\u00e1sluh – podnikavosti, geniality, tvrd\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce atd., kter\u00e9 jsou na voln\u00e9m trhu odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny. V dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b jsou v\u0161ak bohat\u00ed st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1ni k \u0161a\u0161k\u016fm. Podle politologa Micha\u0142a Zabdyra-Jamr\u00f3ze tomu zjevn\u011b nepomohly ani v\u00fdst\u0159elky lid\u00ed, jako je Elon Musk.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

O pohlav\u00ed<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n
Menstruace: sv\u011bt technologi\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00fd cyklus<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Lucie Ronfaut | La D\u00e9ferlante<\/em>, Mediapart<\/em> | 30. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed (FR, Paywall) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

„Pokud pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te aplikaci pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed menstruace, okam\u017eit\u011b ji sma\u017ete.“ Flo, Clue, Glow, Natural Cycles: takov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed je spousta a v\u0161echny se hrd\u011b hl\u00e1s\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee pracuj\u00ed na pos\u00edlen\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u017een. Jejich \u00fasp\u011bch v\u0161ak vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Zejm\u00e9na ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich obvi\u0148ov\u00e1ny z ohro\u017een\u00ed \u017een, a to v d\u016fsledku zru\u0161en\u00ed rozsudku Roe v. Wade a nov\u00fdch pochybnost\u00ed o pr\u00e1vu na potrat. Nez\u00e1visl\u00fd francouzsk\u00fd investigativn\u00ed server \n M<\/em>\n<\/strong>\n ediapart<\/strong>\n<\/em>ve spolupr\u00e1ci s feministick\u00fdm \u010dasopisem La D\u00e9ferlante<\/strong><\/em>, se bl\u00ed\u017ee zab\u00fdv\u00e1 touto „femtechnologi\u00ed“ a jej\u00edmi mo\u017en\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky.<\/p>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edchod: sexu\u00e1ln\u00ed politika a vstup do EU v Srbsku<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Laura Luciani | LSE Review of books<\/em> | \u010derven 2023 | CZ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

P\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed:<\/em> Koen Slootmaeckers<\/a>, britsk\u00fd sociolog a politolog: Sexual Politics and EU Accession in Serbia<\/em> (Manchester University Press. 2023). Kniha, kterou recenzovala Laura Luciani, se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 zaveden\u00edm pr\u00e1v LGBTIQ+ v r\u00e1mci procesu p\u0159istoupen\u00ed Srbska k EU – a odporem, kter\u00fd tato zm\u011bna vyvolala. Takov\u00e1 „nucen\u00e1 evropeizace“ m\u016f\u017ee jednodu\u0161e vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 jsou na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni odm\u00edt\u00e1na.<\/p>\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Muslimsk\u00e9 feministky, p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed revoluce<\/a> <\/strong><\/h6>\n\n

Fran\u00e7oise Feugas | Orient XXI<\/em> | 31. \u010dervence | FR, ES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Novin\u00e1\u0159ka Fran\u00e7oise Feugasov\u00e1 recenzuje nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed knihu Malika Hamidiho, <\/a>La r\u00e9volution des f\u00e9minismes musulmans.<\/a> Teoretick\u00e1 a agita\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, 2004 a\u017e 2014<\/em> (Nakladatelstv\u00ed Peter Lang, 2023). Hamidi, francouzsk\u00fd sociolog al\u017e\u00edrsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v Belgii, byl d\u0159\u00edve autorem knihy Un F\u00e9minisme musulman, et pourquoi pas<\/em>? (Editions de l’Aube, 2017). Muslimsk\u00e9 \u017eeny se mus\u00ed prosadit jak v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 komunity, tak v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00e9m ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m prostoru, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se mus\u00ed vyrovn\u00e1vat s \u010dasto napjat\u00fdmi polemikami ohledn\u011b z\u00e1voje nebo jin\u00e9ho oble\u010den\u00ed. C\u00edlem tohoto nov\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu je d\u00e1t jim hlas. „Chceme \u017e\u00edt sv\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed, ani\u017e bychom museli trp\u011bt nadvl\u00e1du ve spole\u010dnosti i v muslimsk\u00e9 komunit\u011b,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 jedna mlad\u00e1 \u017eena. „Na\u0161e rostouc\u00ed zapojen\u00ed do organizovan\u00e9ho feminismu jako muslimek by m\u011blo jasn\u011b uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee se nemus\u00edme odd\u011blovat od sv\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 identity, abychom byly p\u0159ijaty jako feministky,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Victoria’s Secret: feministick\u00fd pinkwashing zna\u010dky odsouzen\u00fd #MeToo<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Alba Correa | El Orden Mundial<\/em> | 26. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed | ES (paywall)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Tato spole\u010dnost, kdysi dominantn\u00ed na trhu se spodn\u00edm pr\u00e1dlem, bojuje s poklesem prodeje zp\u016fsoben\u00fdm po\u0161ramocenou image v dob\u011b po #MeToo. Alba Correa informuje o tom, jak se Victoria’s Secret sna\u017e\u00ed o v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed inkluzi.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

– Francesca Barca<\/a><\/p>\n\n

P\u0159elo\u017eil Harry Bowden<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc se zab\u00fdv\u00e1me medi\u00e1ln\u00edm pokryt\u00edm na\u0161eho kontinentu z hlediska nerovnosti: pohlav\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, pr\u00e1ce, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch postoj\u016f atd. Za\u010dneme rostouc\u00edm probl\u00e9mem chudoby v Evrop\u011b. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1t se v souvislosti se st\u00e1le rostouc\u00edmi \u017eivotn\u00edmi n\u00e1klady t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ude rozpad\u00e1. Jedno \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed? Dan\u011b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7046,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-42669","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/42669","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42669"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=42669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}