{"id":22071,"date":"2024-01-16T13:47:28","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T12:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/2024-rok-migracie-v-dobrom-aj-v-zlom\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:40:57","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:40:57","slug":"2024-rok-migracie-v-dobrom-aj-v-zlom","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/article\/2024-rok-migracie-v-dobrom-aj-v-zlom\/","title":{"rendered":"2024, rok migr\u00e1cie – v dobrom aj v zlom"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

U\u017e nieko\u013eko mesiacov dominuje vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine mainstreamov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed progn\u00f3za: migr\u00e1cia bude ve\u013ekou t\u00e9mou roku 2024. Hoci ide o ak\u00e9si sebanapl\u0148uj\u00face sa proroctvo, prieskumy verejnej mienky nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee t\u00e1to predpove\u010f skuto\u010dne odr\u00e1\u017ea ducha doby. Pod\u013ea prieskumu Eurobarometra<\/a> uverejnen\u00e9ho v decembri 2023 28 % Eur\u00f3panov pova\u017euje pris\u0165ahovalectvo za jeden z dvoch hlavn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania<\/a>, popri vojne na Ukrajine<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Je pravda, \u017ee t\u00e1to t\u00e9ma sa dost\u00e1va na<\/a> titulky nov\u00edn v ka\u017edom volebnom roku. Tohtoro\u010dn\u00e9 o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9 j\u00fanov\u00e9 vo\u013eby do Eur\u00f3pskeho parlamentu<\/a> sa v\u0161ak bud\u00fa kona\u0165 v znamen\u00ed prielomu krajnej pravice na<\/a> celom kontinente. To m\u00f4\u017ee t\u00fato t\u00e9mu urobi\u0165 e\u0161te v\u0161adepr\u00edtomnej\u0161ou.<\/p>\n\n

Celoeur\u00f3psky kon\u00edk<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

„Len m\u00e1loktor\u00e1 t\u00e9ma mala v minulom roku tak\u00fd vplyv na formovanie spolo\u010densk\u00e9ho diskurzu ako migr\u00e1cia,“ uv\u00e1dza<\/a> Lucia Schultenov\u00e1 pre nemeck\u00fa telev\u00edziu \n Deutsche Welle<\/em>\n<\/a> (DW). „V novom roku bude pravdepodobne op\u00e4\u0165 dominova\u0165 agende E\u00da.“<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00ed\u010dina? Prispieva k tomu aj n\u00e1rast po\u010dtu \u017eiadost\u00ed o azyl<\/a> v niektor\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch, ako aj viacer\u00e9 dohody, ktor\u00e9 E\u00da podp\u00edsala s krajinami, ktor\u00e9 by mohli obmedzi\u0165 migr\u00e1ciu v Stredomor\u00ed<\/a> – Tuniskom<\/a>, L\u00edbyou<\/a> a Tureckom<\/a>. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ide o pripravovan\u00fa reformu eur\u00f3pskej politiky prij\u00edmania migrantov. \u010clensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty dosiahli dohodu v polovici decembra a bal\u00edk by mali prija\u0165 v prvej polovici roka 2024.<\/p>\n\n

Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee apet\u00edt Eur\u00f3py v ot\u00e1zke migr\u00e1cie sa riadi aj inou logikou: „Neofici\u00e1lne sa v Bruseli hovor\u00ed, \u017ee dohoda o azylovej politike bola potrebn\u00e1 na spomalenie vzostupu pravicov\u00fdch populistov,“ uv\u00e1dza Schulten. „Migr\u00e1cia \u010dasto zohr\u00e1vala d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa politick\u00fa \u00falohu v mnoh\u00fdch prieskumoch v \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch,“ upozor\u0148uje, ale dod\u00e1va, \u017ee odborn\u00edci „s\u00fa skeptick\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e9 azylov\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017eu prispie\u0165 k tomu, aby sa t\u00e1to ot\u00e1zka stala menej v\u00fdbu\u0161nou, preto\u017ee v skuto\u010dnosti bude migr\u00e1cia pokra\u010dova\u0165.“<\/p>\n\n

Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee na vrchole Eur\u00f3py sa utu\u017euje strach z krajnej pravice. „Po \u0161okuj\u00facom volebnom v\u00ed\u0165azstveGeerta Wildersa<\/a> v Holandsku eur\u00f3pske elity nerv\u00f3zne sk\u00famaj\u00fa politick\u00fa sc\u00e9nu a h\u013eadaj\u00fa n\u00e1znaky toho, \u010do pr\u00edde – vr\u00e1tane \u010fal\u0161\u00edch prekvapiv\u00fdch v\u00ed\u0165azstiev krajne pravicov\u00fdch kandid\u00e1tov,“ potvrdzuj\u00fa<\/a> Clea Caulcutt a Nicholas Vinocur pre Politico. A ich obavy nie s\u00fa neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9: „V takmer desiatke eur\u00f3pskych kraj\u00edn vr\u00e1tane Franc\u00fazska a Nemecka s\u00fa tvrd\u00e9 protiimigra\u010dn\u00e9 strany, niektor\u00e9 z nich extr\u00e9mnej\u0161ie ako Wilders, v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti na \u010dele prieskumov alebo na tesnom druhom mieste.“<\/p>\n\n

Caulcutt a Vinocur poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee krajne pravicov\u00e9 strany \u0165a\u017eia z plodov dlh\u00e9ho procesu normaliz\u00e1cie verejnej mienky. Ale nielen to: „Pre nieko\u013eko analytikov, imigr\u00e1cia,… vojna medzi Hamasom a Izraelom<\/a>, \u00fanava z hlavn\u00fdch str\u00e1n a neistota z vojny v Ukrajina<\/a> sa pre eur\u00f3pske krajne pravicov\u00e9 strany men\u00ed na bezprecedentn\u00fa s\u00fahru hviezd, ke\u010f\u017ee mnoh\u00e9 z nich sa pok\u00fa\u0161aj\u00fa z\u00edska\u0165 stredov\u00fa poz\u00edciu.“ Obaja novin\u00e1ri Politico maj\u00fa pochybnosti o strat\u00e9gii, ktor\u00fa niektor\u00ed z nich pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa: „Proeur\u00f3pske, centristick\u00e9 strany zatia\u013e nedok\u00e1zali pribi\u0165 spr\u00e1vnu odpove\u010f [to the rise of the far right], bu\u010f sa vyh\u00fdba \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdm ot\u00e1zkam, alebo sa sna\u017e\u00ed napodob\u0148ova\u0165 krajn\u00fa pravicu.“<\/p>\n\n

O\u017eobra\u010duj svojho bl\u00ed\u017eneho<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa probl\u00e9mom kop\u00edrovan\u00edm krajnej pravice nie je nov\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia, ale je kontraprodukt\u00edvna a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, tvrd\u00ed<\/a> odborn\u00ed\u010dka na migr\u00e1ciu Zoe Gardnerov\u00e1 pre The New European. Ako pr\u00edklad si berieSpojen\u00e9<\/a>kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo<\/a>, kde konzervat\u00edvny premi\u00e9r Rishi Sunak<\/a> urobil z boja proti neleg\u00e1lnemu pris\u0165ahovalectvu svoj hlavn\u00fd boj, a to aj za cenu presadzovania extr\u00e9mnych opatren\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edvania najalarmuj\u00facej\u0161ej r\u00e9toriky.<\/p>\n\n

16. decembra „Sunak predniesol<\/a> na pravicovom politickom zhroma\u017eden\u00ed v Taliansku prejav<\/a>, z ktor\u00e9ho skuto\u010dne mrazilo“, p\u00ed\u0161e Gardner. „Varoval, \u017ee bez jeho radik\u00e1lnych opatren\u00ed bude Eur\u00f3pa „prevalcovan\u00e1“.“<\/p>\n\n

T\u00f3n bol z\u00e1merne osudov\u00fd, domnieva sa Gardner. Prezentovanie migr\u00e1cie ako existen\u010dnej hrozby pre Z\u00e1pad m\u00f4\u017ee sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 na ospravedlnenie t\u00fdch najhor\u0161\u00edch polit\u00edk: „Ke\u010f ide o na\u0161e pre\u017eitie ako civiliz\u00e1cie, \u00fa\u010del ospravedl\u0148uje v\u0161etky prostriedky.“<\/p>\n\n

Riskantn\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Porazi\u0165 reakcion\u00e1rov na ich vlastnom \u00fazem\u00ed? Je to zauj\u00edmav\u00fd krok. V ot\u00e1zke migr\u00e1cie maj\u00fa pravica a krajn\u00e1 pravica tendenciu zbli\u017eova\u0165 sa, ako to dokazuje n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o tejto t\u00e9me, o ktorom sa vo Franc\u00fazsku<\/a> diskutovalo v decembri 2023. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00fd bol kritizovan\u00fd za drastick\u00e9 spr\u00edsnenie podmienok prij\u00edmania migrantov na franc\u00fazskom \u00fazem\u00ed<\/a>, niektor\u00ed pova\u017euj\u00fa za v\u00ed\u0165azstvo N\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho zhroma\u017edenia Marine Le Penovej<\/a>, ktor\u00e9 malo<\/a> pri hlasovan\u00ed v parlamente ve\u013ek\u00fa v\u00e1hu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

„Hanba“, „hanba“, „stroskotanie“… Neexistuj\u00fa dostato\u010dne siln\u00e9 slov\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 by op\u00edsali t\u00fato katastrofu imigra\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, ktor\u00e9ho ultraradik\u00e1lna verzia bola nakoniec odhlasovan\u00e1 19. decembra v Sen\u00e1te a potom v N\u00e1rodnom zhroma\u017eden\u00ed,“ rozhor\u010dila sa<\/a> Sandrine Foulonov\u00e1, redaktorka franc\u00fazskej publik\u00e1cie \n Alternatives Economiques<\/em>\n<\/a>. Tvrdenie, \u017ee bojujeme proti krajnej pravici, nie je prek\u00e1\u017ekou pre spolupr\u00e1cu s \u0148ou, ako sa zd\u00e1, dokazuje<\/a> franc\u00fazsky pr\u00edklad.V\u00fdzvy na pokoj a zdrav\u00fd rozum<\/a> si v tejto vyhrotenej politickej atmosf\u00e9re pravdepodobne nen\u00e1jdu miesto. Vzh\u013eadom na migra\u010dn\u00e9 trag\u00e9die z minul\u00e9ho roka a pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00faci probl\u00e9m s d\u00f4stojn\u00fdm ubytovan\u00edm migrantov sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee t\u00e1to ot\u00e1zka zostane aktu\u00e1lna. Pred vo\u013ebami do E\u00da je na\u010falej naliehavo potrebn\u00e1 verejn\u00e1 diskusia o ot\u00e1zke prij\u00edmania migrantov. Podporovanie reak\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1zorov, alarmistick\u00e1 r\u00e9torika a vzostup krajnej pravice v\u0161ak neve\u0161tia dobr\u00fd v\u00fdsledok tejto diskusie.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

O migr\u00e1cii a azyle<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

<\/strong><\/a>Cesta domov<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Olena Jermakov\u00e1 | Eurozine | 11. decembra | SK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Ukrajinsk\u00fdm migrantom, ktor\u00ed opustili svoju krajinu po ruskej inv\u00e1zii, priniesol odchod do zahrani\u010dia \u00fatechu – a ot\u00e1zky. Od za\u010diatku vojny sa exulanti stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa so zmenen\u00fdmi vz\u0165ahmi s hostite\u013esk\u00fdmi komunitami, s ostatn\u00fdmi ute\u010dencami a s pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi doma. Cel\u00e1 ukrajinsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 sa men\u00ed spolu s nimi, mysl\u00ed si Olena Jermakov\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

<\/strong><\/a>Pre\u010do sa Eur\u00f3pa st\u00e1le sna\u017e\u00ed o „rovnocenn\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu“ s pochybn\u00fdmi re\u017eimami v Afrike?<\/a><\/strong> <\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Evelyn Groenink | Mondiaal Nieuws | 6. decembra | NL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

T\u00fato vysoko aktu\u00e1lnu ot\u00e1zku polo\u017eila Evelyn Groenink. Ke\u010f\u017ee Afrika sa pomaly men\u00ed na v\u00e4zenie, vl\u00e1dy E\u00da sa \u010doraz viac st\u00fdkaj\u00fa s nedemokratick\u00fdmi re\u017eimami a poveruj\u00fa ich \u00falohou kontrolova\u0165 migr\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n\n

– Adrian Burtin<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Prelo\u017eil Harry Bowden<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S bl\u00ed\u017eiacimi sa o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdmi vo\u013ebami do E\u00da sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee ve\u013ekou volebnou t\u00e9mou tohto roka bude migr\u00e1cia. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee diskusiu zachytila rast\u00faca krajn\u00e1 pravica.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20737,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-22071","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/22071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22071"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=22071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}