{"id":36059,"date":"2024-04-15T11:58:05","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T09:58:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=36059"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:35:17","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:35:17","slug":"tunisko-mauretania-egypt-cihlik-po-tehle-pevnost-europa-ziskava-tvar","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/article\/tunisko-mauretania-egypt-cihlik-po-tehle-pevnost-europa-ziskava-tvar\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunisko, Maurit\u00e1nia, Egypt – tehla po tehle sa formuje pevnos\u0165 Eur\u00f3pa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ak sa bl\u00ed\u017eia vo\u013eby do Eur\u00f3pskeho parlamentu v roku 2020<\/a> najvy\u0161\u0161ie eur\u00f3pske org\u00e1ny pokra\u010duj\u00fa vo svojej politike outsourcingu riadenia migr\u00e1cie. Po Tunisku<\/a> a Mauret\u00e1nii<\/a> je teraz na rade Egypt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7,4 miliardy eur hospod\u00e1rskej pomoci v\u00fdmenou za pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie hrani\u010dn\u00e9 kontroly – to je l\u00e1kav\u00fd pr\u00eds\u013eub Eur\u00f3py Egyptu. Dohoda o partnerstve podp\u00edsan\u00e1 17. marca 2024 zah\u0155\u0148a rozpo\u010det vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 200 mili\u00f3nov eur ozna\u010den\u00fdch<\/a> na migr\u00e1ciu. Hoci odchody z egyptsk\u00fdch brehov s\u00fa pomerne zriedkav\u00e9, krajina zauj\u00edma strategick\u00fa polohu na kri\u017eovatke viacer\u00fdch migra\u010dn\u00fdch tr\u00e1s, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa medzi L\u00edbyou<\/a>, P\u00e1smom Gazy<\/a> a Sud\u00e1nom<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Na\u010dasovanie tohto outsourcingov\u00e9ho mechanizmu s Egyptom nie je bezv\u00fdznamn\u00e9. Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania sa ob\u00e1va mas\u00edvneho pr\u00edlevu palest\u00ednskych ute\u010dencov, ktor\u00ed utekaj\u00fa pred masakrami p\u00e1chan\u00fdmi IDF v Gaze“, vysvet\u013euje<\/a> franc\u00fazske m\u00e9dium Politis<\/em><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Egyptsk\u00fd prezident Abdel Fattah al-Sissi je u\u017e „nov\u00fdm ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdm dikt\u00e1torom Eur\u00f3py“, p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a> Mirco Keilberth<\/strong> v nemeckom denn\u00edku Die tageszeitung<\/em><\/strong>. Treba poveda\u0165, \u017ee al-Sissi v skuto\u010dnosti nem\u00e1 in\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165: „Prezident […] chce dohodnut\u00fdm finan\u010dn\u00fdm pl\u00e1nom zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 upadaj\u00face hospod\u00e1rstvo svojej krajiny a jej 106 mili\u00f3nov obyvate\u013eov,“ p\u00ed\u0161e Keilberth. „Vojna v Gaze, klesaj\u00face pr\u00edjmy z cestovn\u00e9ho ruchu a p\u00e1d egyptskej libry v posledn\u00fdch t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148och zv\u00fd\u0161ili soci\u00e1lne nap\u00e4tie v krajine.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les Egyptiens eux-m\u00eames pourraient \u00eatre impact\u00e9s par l’accord pass\u00e9 avec l‘Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania<\/a>, explique<\/a> Bianca Carrera Espriu<\/strong> dans le Green European Journal<\/em><\/strong> <\/em>(GEJ). „Fournir \u00e0 un gouvernement extr\u00eamement abusif une technologie de surveillance \u00e0 double usage et une formation sur la mani\u00e8re de l’utiliser augmente le risque qu’elle soit utilis\u00e9e pour la surveillance interne et le ciblage des opposants<\/em>„, s’inqui\u00e8te Claudio Francavilla<\/strong>, directeur adjoint du plaidoyer aupr\u00e8s de l’UE pour l’ONG Human Rights Watch au GEJ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Samotn\u00fdch Egyp\u0165anov by sa dohoda s Eur\u00f3pskou \u00faniou<\/a>, vysvet\u013euje<\/a> Bianca Carrera Espriu<\/strong> v Green European Journal<\/em><\/strong> (GEJ). Claudio Francavilla, z\u00e1stupca riadite\u013ea mimovl\u00e1dnej organiz\u00e1cie Human Rights Watch pre obhajobu z\u00e1ujmov E\u00da, hovor\u00ed pre Carrera Espriu, \u017ee „poskytnutie technol\u00f3gie na sledovanie s dvojak\u00fdm pou\u017eit\u00edm a \u0161kolenie o jej pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed vl\u00e1de, ktor\u00e1 je ve\u013emi zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1, zvy\u0161uje riziko, \u017ee sa m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017ei\u0165 na vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 sledovanie a zameranie sa na oponentov“. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160n\u00fara doh\u00f4d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

En parlant d’accord, j’avais d\u00e9j\u00e0 abord\u00e9 celui pass\u00e9 entre l’UE et la Mauritanie dans ma derni\u00e8re revue de presse<\/a>. L’encre n’est m\u00eame pas encore s\u00e8che que le trait\u00e9 est d\u00e9j\u00e0 largement critiqu\u00e9. Dans un article exhaustif pour Al Jazeera<\/em><\/strong>, Hassan Ould Moctar<\/strong> explique<\/a> le caract\u00e8re in\u00e9dit de la situation : „Tout d’abord, le financement n\u00e9goci\u00e9 est beaucoup plus important que les efforts d’externalisation pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents<\/em>. […] Deuxi\u00e8mement, alors que l’opposition \u00e0 l’externalisation des fronti\u00e8res en Mauritanie s’est toujours limit\u00e9e \u00e0 une poign\u00e9e d’organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile, le dernier accord sur la migration a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 un toll\u00e9 dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/em>„, explique-t-il. Alors que les partis d’opposition y voient un plan pour r\u00e9installer les „immigrants ill\u00e9gaux“ dans le pays, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile critique, quant \u00e0 elle, les efforts de l’UE visant „\u00e0 faire de la Mauritanie le ‚gendarme de l’Europe‘<\/em>„.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O dohode medzi E\u00da a Maurit\u00e1niou som informoval vo svojom poslednom preh\u013eade tla\u010de<\/a>. Atrament e\u0161te ani nezaschol a zmluva je u\u017e \u0161iroko kritizovan\u00e1. Vo vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku pre Al Jazeera<\/em><\/strong>, Hassan Ould Moctar<\/strong> vysvet\u013euje<\/a> bezprecedentnos\u0165 situ\u00e1cie: „Po prv\u00e9, vyjednan\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 prostriedky s\u00fa r\u00e1dovo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face snahy o externaliz\u00e1ciu. […] Po druh\u00e9, zatia\u013e \u010do odpor vo\u010di externaliz\u00e1cii hran\u00edc v Maurit\u00e1nii sa v minulosti obmedzoval na h\u0155stku organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed ob\u010dianskej spolo\u010dnosti, najnov\u0161ia migra\u010dn\u00e1 dohoda vyvolala celospolo\u010densk\u00fd rozruch,“ vysvet\u013euje. Zatia\u013e \u010do opozi\u010dn\u00e9 strany ju pova\u017euj\u00fa za pl\u00e1n na pres\u00eddlenie „neleg\u00e1lnych pris\u0165ahovalcov“ do krajiny, ob\u010dianska spolo\u010dnos\u0165 kritizuje snahy E\u00da „urobi\u0165 z Maurit\u00e1nie ‚\u017eand\u00e1ra Eur\u00f3py'“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

E\u00da sa v\u0161ak u\u017e obzer\u00e1 inde. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na n\u00e1v\u0161teve Kypru<\/a> podpredseda Eur\u00f3pskej komisie Margaritis Schinas ozn\u00e1mil \u010fal\u0161iu etapu programu: dohodu podobn\u00fa tej, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja blok s Egyptom, ale tentoraz s Libanonom<\/a>. Ide o pr\u00edchod migrantov z S\u00fdrie<\/a>. Hoci je text e\u0161te len v predbe\u017enej f\u00e1ze, v st\u00e1vke je pre ostrovn\u00fa republiku ve\u013ea. „Len tento mesiac \u00farady zaregistrovali 533 pr\u00edchodov po mori v porovnan\u00ed s 36 v marci minul\u00e9ho roka,“, vysvet\u013euje<\/a> Reuters<\/em><\/strong>. Pre Nik\u00f3ziu by definovanie ur\u010dit\u00fdch regi\u00f3nov krajiny spusto\u0161en\u00fdch ob\u010dianskou vojnou ako „bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch“ umo\u017enilo \u00faradom repatriova\u0165 svojich ob\u010danov.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na tla\u010dovej konferencii Schinas pochv\u00e1lil \u00faspech krajiny v boji proti pris\u0165ahovalectvu a zablaho\u017eelal „mal\u00e9mu Cypru“ k tomu, \u017ee sa stal „eur\u00f3pskym \u0161ampi\u00f3nom v repatri\u00e1cii“, p\u00ed\u0161e<\/a> gr\u00e9cky denn\u00edk Kathimerini<\/em><\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na\u0161e politiky a ich d\u00f4sledky<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku pre POLITICO<\/em><\/strong> komis\u00e1rka Rady Eur\u00f3py pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va Dunja Mijatovi\u0107ov\u00e1<\/strong> odsudzuje<\/a> r\u00f4zne poru\u0161enia \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v p\u00e1chan\u00e9 na migrantoch a \u017eiadate\u013eoch o azyl – v r\u00e1mci vlastn\u00fdch hran\u00edc Eur\u00f3py. Pod\u013ea Mijatovi\u0107a najrepres\u00edvnej\u0161ie politiky vysielaj\u00fa nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd sign\u00e1l. „Signalizuje, \u017ee autoritu a nez\u00e1vislos\u0165 s\u00fadov spolu s pr\u00edstupom k spravodlivosti a \u013eudsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vam mo\u017eno obetova\u0165, ke\u010f si vl\u00e1dy myslia, \u017ee to vyhovuje ich politick\u00fdm priorit\u00e1m alebo volebn\u00fdm z\u00e1ujmom,“ hovor\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mijatovi\u010dov\u00e1 poukazuje najm\u00e4 na postupy Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013eovstva a Franc\u00fazska a ob\u00e1va sa, \u017ee by mohli ma\u0165 re\u0165azov\u00fd efekt na celom kontinente. Zmena, ktor\u00e1 by sa za\u010dala „… takou, ktor\u00e1 sa za\u010d\u00edna ods\u00faden\u00edm k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovej \u00falohy kontroly a rovnov\u00e1hy, sa potom preleje do priameho ohrozenia \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, pr\u00e1vneho \u0161t\u00e1tu a v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t demokratick\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Ak sa \u0161t\u00e1t skuto\u010dne st\u00e1va vo\u010di migrantom tak\u00fd nev\u013e\u00fadny, t\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia franc\u00fazskej spolo\u010dnosti ani z\u010faleka neprospieva. Naopak, je zdrojom z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho poru\u0161ovania pr\u00e1v a slob\u00f4d v\u0161etk\u00fdch jej \u010dlenov“, argumentuje<\/a> Vincent Sizaire<\/strong> pre Mani\u00e8re de Voir<\/em><\/strong> (Le Monde Diplomatique<\/em>). Okrem toho, \u017ee franc\u00fazska politika podporuje rozvoj obchodovania s \u013eu\u010fmi a vytv\u00e1ranie zranite\u013enej a lacnej pracovnej sily, urobila z imigra\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona „laborat\u00f3rium pre mimos\u00fadne donucovacie opatrenia, ktor\u00e9 sa potom roz\u0161iruj\u00fa na v\u0161etk\u00fdch ob\u010danov“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea Sizaira sa repres\u00edvne postupy najprv testuj\u00fa na cudzincoch a a\u017e potom sa uplat\u0148uj\u00fa na „kateg\u00f3rie \u013eud\u00ed […] pova\u017eovan\u00fdch za nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch“, a\u017e po jednotlivcov a skupiny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nepr\u00e1vom alebo pr\u00e1vom ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 za „teroristov“ – \u010do je pozoruhodne flexibiln\u00e1 pr\u00e1vna defin\u00edcia. „Starostlivos\u0165 o dodr\u017eiavanie pr\u00e1v a slob\u00f4d cudz\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1tnych pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov preto nie je len prejavom bratstva. Je to aj z\u00e1v\u00e4zok vo\u010di bezpe\u010dnosti v\u0161etk\u00fdch ob\u010danov,“ tvrd\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prelo\u017eil Ciar\u00e1n Lawless<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

E\u00da na\u010falej deleguje spr\u00e1vu svojich hran\u00edc na tretie krajiny, aj ke\u010f to znamen\u00e1 spojenie s vl\u00e1dami, ktor\u00fdch postupy vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00fa kontroverzie. O d\u00f4sledkoch pre migrantov a obyvate\u013eov t\u00fdchto kraj\u00edn sa diskutuje len zriedka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36035,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-36059","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/36059","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36059"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36059"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=36059"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}