{"id":40063,"date":"2024-05-21T09:10:15","date_gmt":"2024-05-21T07:10:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/europu-suzuju-megapoziare-sme-pripraveni\/"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:34:09","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:34:09","slug":"europu-suzuju-megapoziare-sme-pripraveni","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/article\/europu-suzuju-megapoziare-sme-pripraveni\/","title":{"rendered":"Eur\u00f3pu su\u017euj\u00fa megapo\u017eiare. Sme pripraven\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nok je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou s\u00e9rie troch \u010dl\u00e1nkov zo \u0161ir\u0161ieho multimedi\u00e1lneho projektu denn\u00edka El Diario o megapo\u017eiaroch v Eur\u00f3pe, ktor\u00e9 nap\u00edsali Mariangela Paone, Ra\u00fal Rej\u00f3n, Sof\u00eda P\u00e9rez a Ra\u00fal S\u00e1nchez. <\/em>\u00davod | \u010cas\u0165 I<\/a> | \u010cas\u0165 II<\/a> | \u010cas\u0165 III<\/a>
zvirni multimedijski projekt<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u017eiar, ktor\u00fd podnietil siln\u00fd vietor a vysok\u00e9 teploty, vznikol ne\u010faleko mesta Alexandroupolis a r\u00fdchlo sa roz\u0161\u00edril po celom regi\u00f3ne, pri\u010dom spusto\u0161il takmer 100 000 hekt\u00e1rov, zni\u010dil domy a veget\u00e1ciu premenil na sp\u00e1len\u00fa zem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento po\u017eiar predstavuje nov\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstvo pre lesy v Eur\u00f3pe. Ve\u013ek\u00e9 po\u017eiare, pri ktor\u00fdch hor\u00ed plocha zodpovedaj\u00faca 700 futbalov\u00fdm ihrisk\u00e1m. Dva z ka\u017ed\u00fdch troch hekt\u00e1rov sp\u00e1len\u00fdch na kontinente s\u00fa sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdmito ve\u013ek\u00fdmi po\u017eiarmi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010derven\u00e1 bublina, ktor\u00fa vid\u00edte, predstavuje po\u017eiar s rozlohou viac ako 500 hekt\u00e1rov, ktor\u00fd vznikol v Eur\u00f3pe od roku 2000. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za posledn\u00fdch 20 rokov satelity zaznamenali viac ako 4 200 po\u017eiarov v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch ako 500 hekt\u00e1rov, tzv. ve\u013ek\u00fdch lesn\u00fdch po\u017eiarov (GIF). A trend je st\u00fapaj\u00faci: ve\u013ek\u00fdch po\u017eiarov je \u010doraz viac a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s\u00fa \u010doraz ni\u010divej\u0161ie a nekontrolovate\u013en\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je to \u010fal\u0161\u00ed z u\u017e vidite\u013en\u00fdch d\u00f4sledkov klimatick\u00fdch zmien, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa za\u010darovan\u00fd kruh lesn\u00fdch po\u017eiarov. Klimatick\u00e1 kr\u00edza vytv\u00e1ra podmienky, ktor\u00e9 podporuj\u00fa \u0161\u00edrenie po\u017eiarov s \u010doraz dlh\u0161\u00edmi rizikov\u00fdmi obdobiami. Pri samotn\u00fdch po\u017eiaroch sa do atmosf\u00e9ry uvo\u013e\u0148uje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo CO2, ktor\u00fd sa vracia sp\u00e4\u0165 do tohto kruhu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Men\u00ed sa aj sp\u00f4sob ich \u0161\u00edrenia. Niektor\u00e9 z nich u\u017e boli zaraden\u00e9 medzi tzv. po\u017eiare \u0161iestej gener\u00e1cie, udalosti, ktor\u00e9 menia meteorologick\u00e9 podmienky v oblasti. Critina Montiel, odborn\u00ed\u010dka z v\u00fdskumnej skupiny Geografia, politika a socioekonomika lesn\u00edctva na Univerzite Complutense v Madride, ich naz\u00fdva „ohniv\u00fdmi mrakmi s vlastn\u00fdm \u017eivotom“. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ide o po\u017eiare, ktor\u00e9 sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa „neuhasite\u013en\u00fdmi“ kv\u00f4li mno\u017estvu paliva, teplot\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 dosahuj\u00fa, a vetru, ktor\u00fd ich podporuje. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eu vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 extr\u00e9mne javy, ako je napr\u00edklad tvorba oblakov pyrocumulus, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k po\u017eiarnym b\u00farkam, ako tomu bolo pri po\u017eiari v pohor\u00ed Sierra Culebra (Zamora) v roku 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oblasti najviac postihnut\u00e9 t\u00fdmito rozsiahlymi po\u017eiarmi sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v ju\u017enej Eur\u00f3pe. Na tri krajiny – \u0160panielsko, Gr\u00e9cko a Portugalsko – pripad\u00e1 57 % z takmer 8 mili\u00f3nov hekt\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e9 v rokoch 2000 a\u017e 2023 vyhoria pri rozsiahlych po\u017eiaroch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 s\u00fa to tri krajiny s najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou priemernou plochou sp\u00e1lenou na jeden po\u017eiar. In\u00fdmi slovami, na t\u00fdchto \u00fazemiach sa vyskytuj\u00fa nielen najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie po\u017eiare, ale ke\u010f k nim d\u00f4jde, horia silnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

„Nevid\u00edme viac po\u017eiarov, ale vid\u00edme viac rozsiahlych po\u017eiarov,“ hovor\u00ed Cristina Sant\u00edn, v\u00fdskumn\u00ed\u010dka z CSIC-Univerzity v Oviede. Na to, aby GIF vybuchol, „je potrebn\u00e1 veget\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee horie\u0165, ale mus\u00ed by\u0165 aj sucho a vysok\u00e9 teploty – a vietor – s\u00fa ovplyvnen\u00e9 zmenou kl\u00edmy,“ hovor\u00ed Sant\u00edn. „A napr\u00edklad v \u0160panielsku m\u00e1me oba faktory.“

Sant\u00edn sa podie\u013eal na vy\u0161etrovan\u00ed, ako sa zhor\u0161ili poveternostn\u00e9 podmienky podporuj\u00face \u0161\u00edrenie lesn\u00fdch po\u017eiarov, tzv. index po\u017eiarneho po\u010dasia (FWI). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento index, ktor\u00fd zoh\u013ead\u0148uje poveternostn\u00e9 podmienky, ako je vlhkos\u0165, vietor alebo teplota, ale nie veget\u00e1cia, nezabezpe\u010duje spustenie alarmov. Ke\u010f je v\u0161ak poh\u013ead\u00e1vka vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1, tieto podmienky ju podporuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee situ\u00e1cia sa v d\u00f4sledku zmeny kl\u00edmy e\u0161te zhor\u0161\u00ed. Do konca storo\u010dia bude v \u0160panielsku, Taliansku a Gr\u00e9cku o 20 a\u017e 40 % viac dn\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa priazniv\u00e9 pre \u0161\u00edrenie lesn\u00fdch po\u017eiarov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tejto situ\u00e1cii sa port\u00e1l elDiario.es vydal na miesta v Gr\u00e9cku, Portugalsku a \u0160panielsku, ktor\u00e9 postihli tri najhor\u0161ie megapo\u017eiare v Eur\u00f3pe za posledn\u00e9 roky. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u00e9 ponau\u010denie sme si z toho zobrali?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sme lep\u0161ie pripraven\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Port\u00e1l ElDiario.es sa vydal na miesta v Gr\u00e9cku, Portugalsku a \u0160panielsku, ktor\u00e9 postihli tri z najhor\u0161\u00edch megapo\u017eiarov v Eur\u00f3pe za posledn\u00e9 roky, aby zistil, ak\u00e9 ponau\u010denia sme si z nich odniesli a \u010di sme lep\u0161ie pripraven\u00ed na \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie sa vyskytuj\u00face javy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":39555,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-40063","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/40063","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/39555"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40063"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40063"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=40063"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}