{"id":42752,"date":"2023-10-18T16:16:32","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T14:16:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=42752"},"modified":"2024-06-21T16:22:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-21T14:22:01","slug":"mali-by-sme-sa-bat-umelej-inteligencie","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/article\/mali-by-sme-sa-bat-umelej-inteligencie\/","title":{"rendered":"Mali by sme sa b\u00e1\u0165 umelej inteligencie?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Umel\u00e1 inteligencia (AI), ktor\u00e1 je ohlasovan\u00e1 ako bl\u00ed\u017eiaca sa technologick\u00e1 revol\u00facia, sa uplat\u0148uje v \u010doraz v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om po\u010dte oblast\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota, \u010do vyvol\u00e1va obavy aj nad\u0161enie. Priaznivci s\u00fa presved\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee umel\u00e1 inteligencia pom\u00f4\u017ee vyrie\u0161i\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00fdm \u013eudstvo \u010del\u00ed (a vytvor\u00ed nieko\u013eko nov\u00fdch miliard\u00e1rov). Odporcovia poukazuj\u00fa na zatia\u013e nezn\u00e1me rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa stroje schopn\u00e9 myslie\u0165 a kona\u0165 nekone\u010dne r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako \u013eudia.<\/p>\n\n

Ako v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uje<\/a> Nello Cristianini<\/strong>, profesor umelej inteligencie na University of Bath (Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo), v \u010dl\u00e1nku \n The Conversation<\/em>\n<\/strong>„zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee \u017eiadny z uveden\u00fdch scen\u00e1rov“ – \u010di u\u017e si ich predstavuj\u00fa odborn\u00edci<\/a> alebo podnikatelia v priemysle<\/a> – „nevytv\u00e1ra konkr\u00e9tnu cestu k vyhynutiu \u013eudstva. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee n\u00e1m zost\u00e1va v\u0161eobecn\u00fd pocit znepokojenia, ale bez mo\u017en\u00fdch opatren\u00ed“. Tento postoj zdie\u013ea aj Christopher Wylie<\/strong>, whistleblower, ktor\u00fd stoj\u00ed za \u0161kand\u00e1lom Cambridge Analytica, v \u010dl\u00e1nku, ktor\u00fd<\/a> uverej\u0148ujeme tento t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148.<\/p>\n\n

Podobn\u00fd n\u00e1zor zast\u00e1va v \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a> (pre predplatite\u013eov) v \u010dasopise New Scientist<\/strong><\/em> v\u00fdskumn\u00ed\u010dka etiky Mhairi Aitkenov\u00e1<\/strong> z In\u0161tit\u00fatu Alana Turinga. Pod\u013ea nej s\u00fa tieto apokalyptick\u00e9 varovania „desiv\u00e9, preto\u017ee rozhoduj\u00facim sp\u00f4sobom ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa diskusiu o d\u00f4sledkoch umelej inteligencie“. Toto myslenie, hlboko zakorenen\u00e9 v kolekt\u00edvnej predstavivosti, „sa teraz vkradlo do politickej a regula\u010dnej sf\u00e9ry. To je pod\u013ea nej znepokojuj\u00face, „preto\u017ee d\u00f4kazy na podporu t\u00fdchto panik\u00e1rskych te\u00f3ri\u00ed prakticky neexistuj\u00fa a neobstoja pri sk\u00faman\u00ed“. Pod\u013ea Aitkenovej je cie\u013eom t\u00fdchto varovan\u00ed „odvr\u00e1ti\u0165 po\u017eiadavky na transparentnos\u0165 a vymaza\u0165 diskusiu o zodpovednosti developerov“.<\/p>\n\n

A ako je na tom Eur\u00f3pa? Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania sa touto ot\u00e1zkou zaoberala ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo a vypracovala nariadenie – tzv. \n AI Act<\/strong>\n<\/a>. M\u00e1 nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 v roku 2024 a „stanovuje triedy rizika, pre ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa certifika\u010dn\u00e9 postupy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 v\u00fdrobca vykon\u00e1va\u0165, pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie s rast\u00facim rizikom“, vysvet\u013euje<\/a> Francesca Lagioia<\/strong>, v\u00fdskumn\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed\u010dka na pr\u00e1vnom a technickom oddelen\u00ed Eur\u00f3pskej komisie, v rozhovore pre \n Internazionale<\/em>\n<\/strong>Annamaria Testa<\/strong>. „Rizikov\u00e9 triedy musia zaru\u010di\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 spo\u013eahlivosti a bezpe\u010dnosti syst\u00e9mu prostredn\u00edctvom predbe\u017en\u00fdch kontrol a postupov dodr\u017eiavania a certifik\u00e1cie, t. j. predt\u00fdm, ako sa tieto technol\u00f3gie uved\u00fa na trh a za\u010dn\u00fa sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 a sk\u00f4r, ako d\u00f4jde k akejko\u013evek \u0161kode.“ Upozor\u0148uje na hlavn\u00e9 obmedzenia tohto syst\u00e9mu: „v\u00fdrobcovia bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 sami pos\u00fadi\u0165 dodr\u017eiavanie noriem vysokorizikov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov“.<\/p>\n\n

Tie\u017e v \n Internazionale<\/strong>\n<\/em>, Francesca Spinelli <\/strong>sa rozpr\u00e1va s Caterinou Rodelli<\/strong>, analyti\u010dkou organiz\u00e1cie Access now, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 digit\u00e1lnymi slobodami, o nedostatkoch z\u00e1kona o umelej inteligencii. Rodelli poukazuje na to,<\/a> \u017ee odvolacie mechanizmy pre syst\u00e9my s vysok\u00fdm rizikom neumo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1m vo verejnom z\u00e1ujme poda\u0165 odvolanie v mene jednotlivca, preto\u017ee „org\u00e1ny sa ob\u00e1vaj\u00fa, \u017ee bud\u00fa zahlten\u00e9 \u017ealobami podan\u00fdmi mimovl\u00e1dnymi organiz\u00e1ciami“. Dod\u00e1va, \u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 znenie „vylu\u010duje z kateg\u00f3rie vysok\u00e9ho rizika aj syst\u00e9my predpovedania migr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ve\u013emi ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 u vl\u00e1d odhodlan\u00fdch blokova\u0165 pr\u00edchod \u017eiadate\u013eov o azyl a „neleg\u00e1lnych migrantov“, ako aj u prij\u00edmac\u00edch organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed“. Pribli\u017ene \u0161es\u0165desiat \u013eudskopr\u00e1vnych organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed zverejnilo \n otvoren\u00fd list<\/strong>\n<\/a> o \n Liberties<\/em>\n<\/strong> adresovan\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskym z\u00e1konodarcom, v ktor\u00fdch \u017eiadaj\u00fa, aby sa v Akte o umelej inteligencii „od E\u00da vy\u017eadovalo prijatie pevn\u00fdch z\u00e1ruk na ochranu samotn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladov, na ktor\u00fdch na\u0161a \u00dania stoj\u00ed. Zneu\u017e\u00edvanie syst\u00e9mov UI vr\u00e1tane netransparentn\u00e9ho a nezodpovedn\u00e9ho nasadenia syst\u00e9mov UI verejn\u00fdmi org\u00e1nmi predstavuje v\u00e1\u017enu hrozbu pre pr\u00e1vny \u0161t\u00e1t a demokraciu.“.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

Na t\u00fa ist\u00fa t\u00e9mu<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n
Generat\u00edvna umel\u00e1 inteligencia pomaly vstupuje do \u017eivota det\u00ed<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Nathalie Koubayov\u00e1 | AlgorithmWatch<\/em> | 25. septembra | SK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Amazon vyv\u00edja pre svoje zariadenie Alexa Echo<\/strong> funkciu na vytv\u00e1ranie rozpr\u00e1vok na dobr\u00fa noc pre deti pomocou vlastn\u00e9ho ve\u013ek\u00e9ho jazykov\u00e9ho modelu (LLM). Syst\u00e9m generuje vlastn\u00e9 pr\u00edbehy na z\u00e1klade vstupn\u00fdch \u00fadajov det\u00ed a funkci\u00ed, ako je rozpozn\u00e1vanie znakov prostredn\u00edctvom kamery zariadenia. Cie\u013eom tejto iniciat\u00edvy je konkurova\u0165 ostatn\u00fdm hlasov\u00fdm asistentom od technologick\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ako s\u00fa Google a Apple. Prechod spolo\u010dnosti Amazon na umel\u00fa inteligenciu vhodn\u00fa pre deti v\u0161ak narazil na obavy o ochranu s\u00fakromia, ke\u010f\u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 sa v minulosti zapojila do vyrovnania vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 25 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 zhroma\u017e\u010fovanie \u00fadajov det\u00ed bez s\u00fahlasu rodi\u010dov. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa pripravuj\u00fa pr\u00e1vne predpisy na regul\u00e1ciu technol\u00f3gi\u00ed umelej inteligencie zameran\u00fdch na deti, pri\u010dom v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii<\/a> a niektor\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch USA platia pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie pravidl\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

AI je hrozbou pre slobodu internetu<\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Leonhard Pitz | Netzpolitik<\/em> | 5. okt\u00f3bra | DE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Spr\u00e1va Freedom of the Net 2023<\/strong> mimovl\u00e1dnej organiz\u00e1cie Freedom House odha\u013euje, \u017ee umel\u00e1 inteligencia „je \u010fal\u0161ou hrozbou pre slobodu internetu“.<\/strong>\n „<\/em>\n<\/strong>. T\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia sa v mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch vyu\u017e\u00edva na \u0161\u00edrenie dezinform\u00e1ci\u00ed a na zdokonalenie cenz\u00fary. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie umelej inteligencie vl\u00e1dami v kombin\u00e1cii so samoregul\u00e1ciou platforiem tak vedie k \u00fapadku slobody internetu. Spr\u00e1va zd\u00f4raz\u0148uje potrebu regul\u00e1cie zalo\u017eenej na \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vach, transparentnosti a nez\u00e1vislom doh\u013eade.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

Tie\u017e stoj\u00ed za pre\u010d\u00edtanie<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n
Thierry Breton v ar\u00e9ne Elona Muska<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Markus Reuter | Netzpolitik<\/em> | 11. okt\u00f3bra | DE<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Komis\u00e1r E\u00da pre vn\u00fatorn\u00fd trh Thierry Breton poslal zo svojho \u00fa\u010dtu na konkuren\u010dnej (a otvorenej) sieti Mastodon<\/a> list<\/a> rtu\u0165ovit\u00e9mu \u0161\u00e9fovi soci\u00e1lnej siete X (predt\u00fdm Twitter). Breton v \u0148om poukazuje na dezinform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa \u0161\u00edrili v spolo\u010dnosti X po \u00fatokoch<\/a> Hamasu na Izrael, a pripom\u00edna Elonovi Muskovi, \u017ee z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1lnych slu\u017eb\u00e1ch<\/a> vy\u017eaduje, aby spolo\u010dnos\u0165 X odstr\u00e1nila nez\u00e1konn\u00fd obsah do 24 hod\u00edn. Hoci \u00fa\u010del listu d\u00e1va zmysel, poznamen\u00e1va Markus Reuter,„m\u00e1me tu politiku nad pr\u00e1vom E\u00da, verejn\u00fa v\u00fdmenu n\u00e1zorov medzi dvoma mu\u017emi v emocion\u00e1lnom boxerskom ringu soci\u00e1lnych m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/em>„.<\/p>\n\n

Model \u010dlenstva v E\u00da zalo\u017een\u00fd na „stanovenom menu“ zlyh\u00e1va. Je \u010das na pr\u00edstup „\u00e0 la carte“<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Alberto Alemanno | The Guardian<\/em> | 10. okt\u00f3bra | SK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Potenci\u00e1lne \u010dlenstvo nov\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov v E\u00da, najm\u00e4 Ukrajiny, „pon\u00faka nevyu\u017eit\u00fa pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165, aby sa \u00dania stala strategicky nez\u00e1vislou v hrozivom novom svetovom poriadku a schopnou vies\u0165 kr\u00edzov\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu v oblasti kl\u00edmy“, hovor\u00ed tento profesor eur\u00f3pskeho pr\u00e1va na HEC (a \u010dlen poradn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru Voxeurop<\/em>), ktor\u00fd vyz\u00fdva na rev\u00edziu riadenia E\u00da. Dve iniciat\u00edvy, jedna z dielne Eur\u00f3pskeho parlamentu a druh\u00e1 franc\u00fazsko-nemeckej skupiny, zameran\u00e9 na reformu \u0161trukt\u00far E\u00da vr\u00e1tane mo\u017en\u00e9ho viacr\u00fdchlostn\u00e9ho usporiadania, by mohli podpori\u0165 integr\u00e1ciu a pom\u00f4c\u0165 E\u00da \u010deli\u0165 glob\u00e1lnym v\u00fdzvam.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

– Gian-Paolo Accardo<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Prelo\u017eil Harry Bowden<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ka\u017ed\u00fd mesiac sa podrobne pozrieme na medi\u00e1lne pokrytie n\u00e1\u0161ho kontinentu z h\u013eadiska slob\u00f4d a demokracie. V tomto prvom preh\u013eade tla\u010de sa zameriavame na umel\u00fa inteligenciu a jej vplyv na demokraciu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38336,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-42752","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/42752","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38336"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42752"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42752"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=42752"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}