{"id":14169,"date":"2023-09-29T12:38:56","date_gmt":"2023-09-29T10:38:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/konusan-bosluklar-korosunda-dokunakli-anilar\/"},"modified":"2024-03-15T20:37:33","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T19:37:33","slug":"konusan-bosluklar-korosunda-dokunakli-anilar","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/article\/konusan-bosluklar-korosunda-dokunakli-anilar\/","title":{"rendered":"Konu\u015fan bo\u015fluklar korosunda dokunakl\u0131 an\u0131lar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\n          <em>Bu &#8216;ortak \u015feylerden&#8217; nas\u0131l bahsedebiliriz, daha do\u011frusu onlar\u0131 nas\u0131l takip edebiliriz?<br\/>Onlar\u0131 nas\u0131l d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz, s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131p kald\u0131klar\u0131 batakl\u0131ktan nas\u0131l kurtarabiliriz?<br\/>onlara nas\u0131l bir anlam, bir dil verebiliriz,<br\/>B\u00f6ylece sonunda her \u015feyin nas\u0131l oldu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edebileceklerdir,<br\/>nas\u0131l oldu\u011fumuzu?<\/em>\n        <\/p>\n<cite>Georges Perec,&nbsp;<em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/steidl.de\/Books\/Imagining-Everyday-Life-Engagements-with-Vernacular-Photography-2946615258.html\" target=\"_blank\">Approaches to What<\/a><\/em><\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n<p>2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda, bir daha geri d\u00f6n\u00fcp d\u00f6nemeyece\u011fimi bilmeden Belarus&#8217;tan ayr\u0131ld\u0131m. Saklamak i\u00e7in en de\u011ferli oldu\u011funa inand\u0131\u011f\u0131m e\u015fyalar aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fckbabam Mitrofan Serebryakov&#8217;un 1938 tarihli cenaze t\u00f6reninin bas\u0131l\u0131 bir resmi de vard\u0131. \u0130ki y\u0131l i\u00e7inde be\u015f daire gezdikten sonra i\u015fte tam \u00f6n\u00fcmde, masam\u0131n \u00fczerinde. Neredeyse bir as\u0131rl\u0131k do\u011fum ve \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin aras\u0131ndan s\u00fcz\u00fclen sepya sisin i\u00e7inden, hi\u00e7 tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131m, yak\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131, sakall\u0131 bir adam a\u00e7\u0131k bir tabutta huzur i\u00e7inde yat\u0131yor. Merhumun etraf\u0131, \u00e7o\u011fu gen\u00e7 ve orta ya\u015fl\u0131 kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan, ayn\u0131 \u00e7i\u00e7ek desenli ba\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc takm\u0131\u015f (muhtemelen bu \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc olay i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ya da sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f) bir grup yas tutan ki\u015fiyle \u00e7evrili &#8211; biri hari\u00e7 hepsi bana yabanc\u0131. Tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m tek ki\u015fi, kaba, b\u00fcy\u00fck boy bir erkek ceketine benzeyen bir \u015fey giyen 14 ya\u015f\u0131nda bir \u00e7ocuk &#8211; b\u00fcy\u00fckannem olacak Maria.<\/p>\n\n<p>\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/funerals.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1924\" height=\"1323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/funerals.jpg 1924w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/funerals-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/funerals-1024x704.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/funerals-768x528.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/funerals-1536x1056.jpg 1536w\"\/>\n        <\/p>\n\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-28797\">Resim yazar\u0131n izniyle, 2023<\/p>\n\n<p>\u015eimdi bu geni\u015f aile yan\u0131mda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, ciddi y\u00fczlerini, sade k\u0131yafetlerini ve \u00e7ekingen hareketlerini incelemek i\u00e7in saatler harc\u0131yorum. Onlara ula\u015fabilirim, dokunabilirim. Ama bu onlar\u0131 daha iyi tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m anlam\u0131na m\u0131 geliyor? Bakmak ve dokunmak aras\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131k ama yine de yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen <a href=\"https:\/\/books.google.de\/books?id=ZNX3B1vZbv0C&amp;hl=ru\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Margaret Olin<\/a> de benim gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor olabilir: &#8220;Dokunmak insanlar\u0131 foto\u011fraflarla temas ettirir; ama foto\u011fraflar elden ele ge\u00e7erken insanlar aras\u0131nda ili\u015fkiler kurar ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrler &#8211; ya da kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n<p>On yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131na kadar, g\u00f6\u00e7 eden akrabalar birbirlerine notlar, mendiller, sa\u00e7 tutamlar\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrlerde &#8216;dokunulabilir&#8217; kan\u0131tlar g\u00f6nderdik\u00e7e, yaz\u0131l\u0131 ve g\u00f6rsel ileti\u015fim eri\u015fim alan\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletti. Raymond Williams&#8217;\u0131n da kabul etti\u011fi gibi, foto\u011fraf\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k da bu ak\u0131ma kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve ekonomik zorunluluklar aileleri d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131na da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla &#8216;ileti\u015fim halinde&#8217; kalmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/touching-memories-in-the-choir-of-speaking-voids\/#footnote-1\">1<\/a> Foto\u011fraflar hem y\u00fcksek \u00fcretim maliyetleri hem de yakalad\u0131klar\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131 nedeniyle de\u011ferliydi: merakl\u0131 yeni do\u011fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczleri, ciddiyetle giyinmi\u015f yeni evliler, sakin &#8216;yeni \u00f6lenler&#8217;. Kendime b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fckbabam\u0131n cenaze resminin kimin i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu soruyorum. Uzak diyarlarda bu foto\u011fraf\u0131 g\u00f6nderecek \u00e7ok akraban\u0131z var m\u0131yd\u0131? Sonunda anlad\u0131lar m\u0131? Ben de muhataplardan biri miydim?<\/p>\n\n<p>Ergenlik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fckannem, tam on y\u0131l sonra kendisinin de ba\u015fka bir \u00fclkeye ta\u015f\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve &#8216;Amerikal\u0131&#8217;n\u0131n o\u011flu&#8217; olarak bilinen bir adamla evlenece\u011fini tahmin etmemi\u015fti. B\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fckbabam Ivan, k\u00f6y\u00fcnde g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7i olarak ABD&#8217;ye gidip geri d\u00f6nmesiyle \u00fcnl\u00fcyd\u00fc &#8211; Sovyetler Birli\u011fi&#8217;nde hayat\u0131na mal olan bir karar. Neredeyse ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde \u00f6ld\u00fc. Ivan Kozel Bol\u015fevikler taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan vuruldu. 54 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt \u00e7ocuk babas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ivan&#8217;\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra hi\u00e7bir zaman <em>otopsi<\/em> foto\u011fraf\u0131 \u00e7ekilmedi. Akrabalar\u0131na da haber verilmedi. Vurulmas\u0131ndan 86 y\u0131l sonra, ger\u00e7ek ak\u0131betini ancak birka\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frenebildik. T\u00fcm bu zaman boyunca, torunlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bile &#8211; annem, k\u0131z karde\u015fi ve erkek karde\u015fi &#8211; aile toplant\u0131lar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda isteksizce payla\u015f\u0131lan bir hikaye olarak kald\u0131. B\u00f6lgemizdeki akrabalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n ve onlar\u0131n \u00fclkelerinin irili ufakl\u0131 tarihlerinde sessizlik s\u0131k\u00e7a rastlanan bir misafirdi. Aile m\u00fccevherleri, yar\u0131s\u0131 y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6y evleri ve eski foto\u011fraflarla birlikte \u015f\u00fcphe, korku ve dokunman\u0131n paha bi\u00e7ilmez k\u0131ymetini de miras ald\u0131k.<\/p>\n\n<p>\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/328355960_1822817644753912_1168819106121403888_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1453\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/328355960_1822817644753912_1168819106121403888_n.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/328355960_1822817644753912_1168819106121403888_n-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/328355960_1822817644753912_1168819106121403888_n-1024x727.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/328355960_1822817644753912_1168819106121403888_n-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/328355960_1822817644753912_1168819106121403888_n-1536x1090.jpg 1536w\"\/>\n        <\/p>\n\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-28798\">Resim yazar\u0131n izniyle, 2023<\/p>\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 atalar\u0131m hakk\u0131nda toplayabildi\u011fim g\u00f6rsel bilgi k\u0131r\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 tamamen \u015fans eseri. Di\u011ferleri sadece belirsiz siluetler, ay\u0131rt edilemeyen konturlar, \u00e7\u00f6zmekte zorland\u0131\u011f\u0131m i\u015faretler b\u0131rakt\u0131. Kendileri de uzun zaman \u00f6nce vefat etmi\u015f olanlar\u0131n hat\u0131ralar\u0131nda ya\u015famaya devam ettiler ve zaman zaman varl\u0131klar\u0131yla beni uyard\u0131lar. Bu i\u015faretlerden biri de 16 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Antonio Bubich&#8217;in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma kamp\u0131 kay\u0131t kart\u0131d\u0131r: &#8220;91216 numaral\u0131 mahkum&#8221;, SS ters \u00fc\u00e7gen rozeti onu \u0130talyan olarak i\u015faretliyordu.<\/p>\n\n<p>1928&#8217;de do\u011fan gen\u00e7, bu ac\u0131mas\u0131z kaderden ka\u00e7an baba taraf\u0131ndan dedem Vasili&#8217;nin akran\u0131yd\u0131. Ada\u015f\u0131m\u0131z \u015eubat 1944&#8217;te tutukland\u0131 ve alt\u0131 ay boyunca \u00fc\u00e7 kampa tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti: Dachau, Natzweiler ve Mauthausen. Kamp y\u00f6netimleri taraf\u0131ndan 28 \u015eubat-23 A\u011fustos tarihleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan titiz \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmler, gencin boyunda 10 cm&#8217;lik bir s\u0131\u00e7rama oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Sar\u0131\u015f\u0131n ve kahverengi g\u00f6zl\u00fc; di\u015f durumu, &#8216;tatmin edici&#8217;; i\u015fitme ve g\u00f6rme, &#8216;iyi&#8217;; meslek, &#8216;\u00f6\u011frenici&#8217; &#8211; s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma Naziler i\u00e7in rutin bir uygulamayd\u0131. Di\u011fer milliyetlerin temsilcilerini &#8216;Ari olmayan&#8217; ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla &#8216;a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip&#8217; olarak g\u00f6rerek, insanlara kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla, \u00e7e\u015fitli derecelerde baya\u011f\u0131l\u0131kla etiketlenmi\u015f korkun\u00e7 bir merak katalo\u011fundaki nesneler gibi davrand\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n<p>Mahkumlar toplama kamplar\u0131na vard\u0131klar\u0131nda kimlik foto\u011fraflar\u0131 \u00e7ekilirdi. Katalan bir mahkum ve kamptan sa\u011f kurtulan <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francisco_Boix\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Francisco Boix<\/a>, Mauthausen kamp y\u00f6netiminin foto\u011fraf b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. G\u00f6rsel kan\u0131tlar\u0131n kritik \u00f6nemini anlayan Boix, N\u00fcrnberg ve Dachau duru\u015fmalar\u0131nda Nazi sava\u015f su\u00e7lular\u0131n\u0131n mahkum edilmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayacak olan yakla\u015f\u0131k 2.000 negatifi saklamak ve korumak i\u00e7in hayat\u0131n\u0131 riske att\u0131. Belki de ayn\u0131 ya\u015flarda olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in Boix gen\u00e7 Bubich&#8217;le arkada\u015f olmu\u015ftu. Daha fazla bilgi edinme umuduyla Mauthausen anma sitesi ar\u015fivlerine bir talepte bulundum ve bir hafta sonra yan\u0131t ald\u0131m.<\/p>\n\n<p>&#8220;Say\u0131n Bayan Bubich,&#8221; yaz\u0131yordu, &#8220;Sorunuz i\u00e7in te\u015fekk\u00fcr ederiz. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, ar\u015fivimizde Antonio Bubich&#8217;e ait herhangi bir foto\u011fraf bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmek zorunday\u0131z. Mahkumlar ger\u00e7ekten de Mauthausen&#8217;e vard\u0131klar\u0131nda foto\u011fraflanm\u0131\u015f ve kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Ancak bu dosyalar sava\u015f\u0131n sona ermesinden k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce SS taraf\u0131ndan sistematik olarak imha edilmi\u015ftir. Mauthausen&#8217;den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze sadece bir d\u00fczine foto\u011fraf ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n<p>Antonio Bubich ile akraba olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bilmiyorum &#8211; ve art\u0131k kimsenin bunu kan\u0131tlamas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Yukar\u0131daki e-postan\u0131n da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koydu\u011fu gibi, ona foto\u011frafik olarak &#8216;dokunma&#8217;, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fczde olas\u0131 benzerlikler arama ya da karakter \u00f6zellikleri hakk\u0131nda spek\u00fclasyon yapma umudunu da besleyemiyorum. 5 May\u0131s 1945&#8217;te Amerikan askerleri Gusen ve Mauthausen&#8217;e ula\u015ft\u0131 ve yakla\u015f\u0131k 40.000 mahk\u00fbmu kurtard\u0131. Antonio o g\u00fcn hala hayatta m\u0131yd\u0131? Alman Ordusu mi\u011fferinde patates pi\u015firirken g\u00f6r\u00fclen <a href=\"https:\/\/www.yadvashem.org\/artifacts\/featured\/liberation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">o y\u0131rt\u0131k p\u0131rt\u0131k ama \u00f6zg\u00fcr kurtulanlardan biri<\/a> miydi? Kuzey \u0130talya haritas\u0131nda yerini bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131m memleketinin muhtemelen yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ad\u0131 olan &#8216;Previsi&#8217;de ailesiyle yeniden bir araya geldi mi? Ba\u015fard\u0131 m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n<p>\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/BA6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1260\" height=\"896\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/BA6.jpg 1260w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/BA6-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/BA6-1024x728.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/BA6-768x546.jpg 768w\"\/>\n        <\/p>\n\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-28799\">Kay\u0131t kart\u0131. Resim yazar\u0131n izniyle<\/p>\n\n<p>Kan\u0131t olmadan bu sorulara asla cevap bulamayaca\u011f\u0131m. &#8220;Ba\u011flam taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131nan foto\u011fraflar, ba\u011flamdan daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r&#8221; diye yaz\u0131yor Olin, &#8220;birbirlerine ve izleyiciye dokunurlar. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7erler. Olin hakl\u0131yd\u0131. Foto\u011fraflar insanlar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7er, ama bo\u015fluk da \u00f6yle. Bazen sessizlik konu\u015fabilir &#8211; sadece dinlemeyi \u00f6\u011frenmemiz gerekir.<\/p>\n\n<p>Haf\u0131zan\u0131n korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik en bilinen belgesel sanat projelerinden biri de dokunmayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r: Almanca&#8217;da &#8216;t\u00f6kezleme ta\u015f\u0131&#8217; anlam\u0131na gelen <em>Stolperstein<\/em>, metaforik olarak &#8216;t\u00f6kezleme blo\u011fu&#8217; anlam\u0131na gelir ve yoldan ge\u00e7enlerin tesad\u00fcfen kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmalar\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece daha fazla dikkat etmeleri beklenen kald\u0131r\u0131m levhalar\u0131na g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc pirin\u00e7 plakalara at\u0131fta bulunur. Aral\u0131k 2019 itibariyle, Nazi imhas\u0131 veya zulm\u00fc kurbanlar\u0131n\u0131n isimlerinin ve ya\u015fam tarihlerinin yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu t\u00fcrden yakla\u015f\u0131k 75.000 blok, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 1.200&#8217;den fazla \u015fehre yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Alman sanat\u00e7\u0131 Gunter Deming taraf\u0131ndan 1992 y\u0131l\u0131nda tasarlanan konsept, bir zamanlar Nazi Almanyas\u0131&#8217;nda pop\u00fcler olan ve kazara \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir ta\u015fa tak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u00f6ylenen antisemitik s\u00f6zle k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilir: &#8216;Buraya bir Yahudi g\u00f6m\u00fclmeli&#8217;.<\/p>\n\n<p><em>Stolpersteine<\/em> &#8216;i tespit etmek o kadar kolay de\u011fildir. Devasa an\u0131tlar uzaktan g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde etkilemek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015fsa, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pirin\u00e7 levhalar insan hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n &#8216;k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc&#8217; vurgular ve e\u011fer onlar hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi edinmek istiyorsan\u0131z, al\u00e7akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc olmal\u0131 ve e\u011filmelisiniz. Ancak mesafenin bilin\u00e7li olarak azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, temasa haz\u0131r olma, birinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fini -hatta kendi ge\u00e7mi\u015finizi- tan\u0131ma arzusundan \u00f6nce, ba\u015fka bir ki\u015finin hayat\u0131n\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck olabilece\u011fini fark eder.<\/p>\n\n<p>Kitlesel cinayetler, bask\u0131 ve i\u015fkenceyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan her \u00fclke, travmay\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in e\u011filmeye ve \u00e7aba g\u00f6stermeye haz\u0131r de\u011fildir. Su\u00e7lulu\u011fun kabul edilmesini bir sonraki, daha da karma\u015f\u0131k ad\u0131m takip etmelidir: sorumlulu\u011fun kabul edilmesi. Sovyet ge\u00e7mi\u015finde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.memo.ru\/ru-ru\/history-of-repressions-and-protest\/chronology-stat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00fc\u00e7 milyondan fazla kendi insan\u0131n\u0131 yok<\/a> etmi\u015f bir devlet olan Rusya, bir as\u0131r sonra bile bu ger\u00e7e\u011fi kabul etmek istemiyor. <em>Stolpersteine<\/em> haritas\u0131na h\u0131zl\u0131 bir bak\u0131\u015f Kremlin&#8217;in haf\u0131za kayb\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor: Turuncu renkli olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen Rusya&#8217;n\u0131n geni\u015f alan\u0131 i\u00e7inde sadece iki an\u0131t ta\u015f\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n\n<p>Deming&#8217;in konseptinden esinlenen &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Last_Address\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Son Adres<\/a>&#8216; halk giri\u015fimi, baz\u0131 devlet kurumlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda fazla heyecan yaratmad\u0131. Rus \u015fehirlerinde an\u0131t levhalar yerel y\u00f6netimler taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ya da isimsiz olarak tahrip edilmi\u015ftir. Polis vakalar\u0131 soru\u015fturmay\u0131 reddetmi\u015ftir. Haf\u0131zay\u0131 susturma giri\u015fimleri su\u00e7 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lamaz, de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n\n<p>\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Screenshot-2023-03-27-at-13.56.23.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"924\" height=\"707\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Screenshot-2023-03-27-at-13.56.23.png 924w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Screenshot-2023-03-27-at-13.56.23-300x230.png 300w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Screenshot-2023-03-27-at-13.56.23-768x588.png 768w\"\/>\n        <\/p>\n\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-28800\">Stolpersteine&#8217;in kuruldu\u011fu \u00fclkelere genel bak\u0131\u015f.<br\/>Cirdan &#8211; Kullan\u0131c\u0131: Nordwestern taraf\u0131ndan Dosya:Blank map of Europe 2.svg&#8217;ye dayanarak kendi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stolperstein#\/media\/File:Stolpersteine_in_Europe.svg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia<\/a> \u00fczerinden g\u00f6rsel<\/p>\n\n<p>Masam\u0131n \u00fczerinde duran foto\u011fraf bir l\u00fcks. B\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fckbabam\u0131n cenazesinin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcndeki ergen b\u00fcy\u00fckannem d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131m bir ki\u015fi daha var &#8211; kendim. Ben &#8216;orada&#8217; de\u011filim ama &#8216;mevcutum&#8217;. 2023&#8217;\u00fcmden 1938&#8217;lerine dokunabiliyorum.<\/p>\n\n<p>Konu\u015fan bo\u015fluklar korosundaki dokunakl\u0131 an\u0131lar\u0131 duymak i\u00e7in elimden geleni yap\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n\n<p>\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ICORN-SYMBOLSIGN1-4F-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"771\" height=\"262\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ICORN-SYMBOLSIGN1-4F-1.jpg 771w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ICORN-SYMBOLSIGN1-4F-1-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/ICORN-SYMBOLSIGN1-4F-1-768x261.jpg 768w\"\/>\n        <\/p>\n\n<p id=\"caption-attachment-8482\">\n          <em>Olga Bubich&#8217;in \u015fu anda bursiyer olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ICORN ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi i\u00e7inde.<\/em>\n        <\/p>\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eurozine.com\/touching-memories-in-the-choir-of-speaking-voids\/#anchor-footnote-1\">1<\/a> R. Williams, <em>Televizyon: Technology and Cultural Form<\/em>, University Press of New England, [1974], 1992, s.16-17.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evinizden ka\u00e7mak zorunda kalsayd\u0131n\u0131z, zaman\u0131n\u0131z elverdi\u011fince yan\u0131n\u0131za ne al\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z? Bir zamanlar g\u00f6\u00e7men aile \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan uzaklara g\u00f6nderilen, ya\u015fam\u0131n ve hatta \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00f6nemli anlar\u0131n\u0131 belgeleyen hat\u0131ra e\u015fyalar\u0131, geri d\u00f6nmek art\u0131k bir se\u00e7enek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yeni bir \u00f6nem kazan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14170,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-14169","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/14169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14169"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=14169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}