{"id":25208,"date":"2024-02-15T11:00:06","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T10:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=25208"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:39:46","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:39:46","slug":"tarimsal-endustriyel-oligarsi-ve-surdurulebilir-tarim-avrupa-ciftci-protestolari","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/article\/tarimsal-endustriyel-oligarsi-ve-surdurulebilir-tarim-avrupa-ciftci-protestolari\/","title":{"rendered":"Tar\u0131msal-end\u00fcstriyel oligar\u015fi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m: Avrupal\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin protestolar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Avrupa tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fc sava\u015f yolunda. “Bula\u015fma m\u0131 tesad\u00fcf m\u00fc?” Lola Garc\u00eda-Ajofr\u00edn<\/strong> soruyor<\/a> \u0130spanya’da El Confidencial<\/em><\/strong>: “Romanya<\/a> dan gelen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, Ocak ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda on binlerce ki\u015finin trakt\u00f6rleriyle otoyollar\u0131 kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Almanya<\/a>‘dakilere \u00e7ok benziyor. Bu olayda protestolar tar\u0131m ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve yak\u0131t s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir dizi kesintiye kar\u015f\u0131yd\u0131. Protestolar ayr\u0131ca Toulouse (Fransa<\/a>) ve \u0130rlanda<\/a>‘da \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin ineklerle y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya da Polonya<\/a> ve Bel\u00e7ika<\/a> […] protestolar\u0131na da benziyor. Daha \u00f6nce de Hollanda<\/a>‘da \u00e7ift\u00e7iler bir parti kurarak parlamentoda temsil hakk\u0131 elde edecek kadar ileri gitmi\u015flerdi. Farm Europe adl\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015funun g\u00f6zlemlerine g\u00f6re, Hollanda’da bir y\u0131l \u00f6nce patlak veren trakt\u00f6r protestolar\u0131ndan bu yana 15’ten fazla AB \u00fclkesinde tar\u0131msal protestolar meydana geldi.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eurostat<\/a>‘\u0131n 2020 verilerine g\u00f6re, Avrupa’da yakla\u015f\u0131k 8,7 milyon \u00e7ift\u00e7i bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bunlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 11,9’u 40 ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu rakam, yakla\u015fan Avrupa se\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in se\u00e7menlerin y\u00fczde 2’sinden biraz fazlas\u0131n\u0131 temsil ediyor. CAP (Ortak Tar\u0131m Politikas\u0131) nedeniyle yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lan AB’deki \u00e7iftliklerin say\u0131s\u0131 2005’ten bu yana \u00fc\u00e7te bir oran\u0131nda azald\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor<\/a> The Guardian<\/em><\/strong> Avrupa muhabiri Jon Henley<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A Politico.eu<\/em><\/strong> haritas\u0131<\/a> protestolar\u0131n nerede ve (k\u0131saca) hangi nedenlerle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.”11 AB \u00fclkesinde, \u00fcretici fiyatlar\u0131 [\u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in ald\u0131klar\u0131 taban fiyat] 2022’den 2023’e kadar y\u00fczde 10’dan fazla d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.”Hanne Cokelaere<\/strong> ve Bartosz Brzezi\u0144ski<\/strong>,<\/p> “Sadece Yunanistan ve K\u0131br\u0131s, artan zeytinya\u011f\u0131 talebi sayesinde \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin sat\u0131\u015f gelirlerinde buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bir art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rd\u00fc” diye yaz\u0131yor.\n\n\n\n

Henley In The Guardian<\/em><\/strong> \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131yor: “Bir\u00e7ok \u00e7ift\u00e7i, i\u015fleri hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok az \u015fey bilen bir Br\u00fcksel b\u00fcrokrasisi taraf\u0131ndan zul\u00fcm g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ucuz g\u0131da ve iklim dostu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fte \u00e7eli\u015fen kamu talepleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f hissettiklerinden \u015fikayet ediyor.” Frans\u0131z solcu sendika Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration paysanne’\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7i ve genel sekreteri  V\u00e9ronique Marchesseau<\/strong>‘ya g\u00f6re tar\u0131m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n zarar g\u00f6rmesine neden olan iklim uyumlulu\u011fu de\u011fil, “\u00e7ift\u00e7iler aras\u0131ndaki rekabet ve \u00e7iftliklerin yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.” explains<\/a> in Alternatives Economiques<\/em><\/strong><\/a>. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, konu \u00fczerinde uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir gazeteci olan Nicolas Legendre, r\u00f6portaj yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Vert<\/em><\/strong><\/a>‘e g\u00f6re, “tar\u0131m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda \u00e7evrecilere (ve genel olarak \u00e7evrecili\u011fe) kar\u015f\u0131, baz\u0131 tar\u0131msal sanayi oyuncular\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan k\u00f6r\u00fcklenen i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel bir \u00f6fke de var.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bas\u0131n bir “hareket” hakk\u0131nda haber yapma e\u011filiminde olsa da, tar\u0131m d\u00fcnyas\u0131 yekpare de\u011fildir. Avrupal\u0131 \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin mobilizasyonu, sadece \u00fcretim bi\u00e7imleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcnya g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, siyasi y\u00f6nelim, gelir d\u00fczeyi ve sosyal s\u0131n\u0131f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6steren bir sekt\u00f6rden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r<\/p>.\n\n\n\n

Voxeurop<\/a>‘ta s\u0131k s\u0131k yer verdi\u011fimiz ekoloji ve toplumsal m\u00fccadeleler konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir site olan Reporterre<\/em><\/strong>‘de Fransa’da ortalama bir \u00e7iftlik alan\u0131n\u0131n 96 hektar oldu\u011funu<\/a> \u00f6\u011freniyoruz. Frans\u0131z \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin \u00e7o\u011funluk sendikas\u0131 olan FNSEA’n\u0131n lideri Arnaud Rousseau’nun 700 hektarl\u0131k bir \u00e7iftli\u011fi var. Rousseau’dan neden bahsettim? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc hareketler – kimleri temsil ettikleri ve kimlerin temsil edildi\u011fi – sorusuna d\u00f6necek olursak, bir protesto hareketinin \u00f6nde gelen sesinin bir tar\u0131m ticareti oligark\u0131na ait olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. A portrait\/investigation<\/a> by Am\u00e9lie Poinssot for Mediapart<\/em><\/strong> siyasi boyutu netle\u015ftiriyor: “Kendisi Frans\u0131z ekonomisinin bir devinin ba\u015f\u0131nda: Avril-Sofiprot\u00e9ol<\/strong>, sendika taraf\u0131ndan kurulan s\u00f6zde tohum ya\u011f\u0131 ve protein mahsulleri devi. Fransa’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc tar\u0131msal i\u015fletme grubundan daha az\u0131 de\u011fil.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ingwar Perowanowitsch taz<\/a>‘da<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, “y\u0131lda 5 milyon avroya kadar s\u00fcbvansiyon alan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc tar\u0131msal holdingler var. Bir de birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz avro alan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck aile \u00e7iftlikleri var. Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve yeti\u015ftiricilik var. Geleneksel ve organik \u00e7ift\u00e7iler var. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in, baz\u0131lar\u0131 da haftal\u0131k pazar i\u00e7in \u00fcretim yap\u0131yor.” Alman gazetesi, bir kooperatif \u00e7iftli\u011finde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Leipzigli bir \u00e7ift\u00e7inin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sa\u011f\u0131n s\u0131zmas\u0131 ve kendisini temsil edilmiyor hissetmesi nedeniyle Ocak ay\u0131nda g\u00f6steri yapmamaya karar verdi\u011fini aktar\u0131yor: “\u00c7ift\u00e7iler birli\u011fi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli tar\u0131m\u0131n de\u011fil, d\u00fcnya pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00fcretim yapan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7ift\u00e7iler ve \u015fiddet: \u00e7ifte standart<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u00e7ika Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Alexander De Croo’ya g\u00f6re Le Soir<\/em><\/strong> reports<\/a>, 1 \u015eubat’ta Br\u00fcksel’de binlerce \u00e7ift\u00e7inin ate\u015f yakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Avrupa Parlamentosu binas\u0131na yumurta att\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6sterilerin ard\u0131ndan “\u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin endi\u015felerinin \u00e7o\u011fu me\u015fru”. El Pais<\/em><\/strong>‘te Marc Bassets yaz\u0131yor<\/a> ki “iktidar onlardan korkuyor. N\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu onlara mesafeli ve sayg\u0131l\u0131 bak\u0131yor.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu, polisin protestoculara muamelesindeki farkl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bariz oldu\u011fu Fransa’da zirveye ula\u015fan bir tutumdur. Avrupa, ba\u015fta Gilets Jaunes olmak \u00fczere \u00fclke genelindeki \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6sterilerde (emeklilik reformlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131<\/a>, ya da banlieues<\/a>‘deki isyanlar s\u0131ras\u0131nda) ve son olarak 5.000 el bombas\u0131<\/a> na kar\u015f\u0131 “ekoter\u00f6ristlere<\/a>” kar\u015f\u0131 Sainte-Soline<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Son g\u00fcnlerde \u00e7ift\u00e7iler sadece yollar\u0131 ve otoyollar\u0131 kapatmakla ya da saman ve g\u00fcbre d\u00f6kmekle kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda bir binada bomba<\/a> patlatt\u0131 ve bir di\u011ferini ate\u015fe verdi<\/a> ler. Ancak kimse “tar\u0131msal ter\u00f6rizm “den bahsetmiyor ve polis hi\u00e7bir zaman m\u00fcdahale etmedi. Asl\u0131nda tam tersi<\/a>. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 G\u00e9rard Darmanin ise her zamanki sert \u00fcslubunu terk ederek TF1<\/em><\/strong> \u00e7ift\u00e7ilere kar\u015f\u0131 “merhametini” ifade etti ve “ac\u0131ya CRS [\u00e7evik kuvvet] g\u00f6ndererek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veremezsiniz, i\u015fte b\u00f6yle” dedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u0131rsal ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar uzman\u0131 tarih\u00e7i Edouard Lynch<\/strong><\/a>, Lib\u00e9ration<\/em><\/strong>‘a verdi\u011fi deme\u00e7te, “\u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan bu yana kamu otoriteleri, di\u011fer sosyal gruplardan esirgedikleri ho\u015fg\u00f6r\u00fcy\u00fc \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerden esirgemi\u015flerdir” diyor. Dahas\u0131, t\u00fcm \u00e7ift\u00e7iler e\u015fit de\u011fildir: Lynch, Bat\u0131 Fransa’da Sainte-Soline’deki mega havzalara kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan g\u00f6sterilerin bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, “\u00e7ift\u00e7i hareketleri i\u00e7inde bile devlet az\u0131nl\u0131k gruplar\u0131n\u0131 hedef almaktad\u0131r” diye devam ediyor. On Arr\u00eat sur Images<\/em><\/strong>,<\/strong> Lynch adds<\/a>, “Bug\u00fcn [bu g\u00f6steriler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda] son y\u0131llarda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fumuz \u015fiddetin kanun ve d\u00fczen g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin stratejilerinin bir sonucu oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rebiliyoruz. […] Toplumsal hareketlerin \u015fiddeti bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 koruyanlar taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131l\u0131yor: kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131 damgalamak i\u00e7in \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya do\u011fru ilerleme kararlar\u0131 al\u0131n\u0131yor.” Bunun arkas\u0131nda, “ulusu besleyen iyi \u00e7ift\u00e7i “ye dair bir t\u00fcr ulusal mitoloji oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lynch  Thin Lei Win<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan Green European Journal<\/em><\/strong>‘da yank\u0131land\u0131: “\u00c7ift\u00e7ilerin k\u0131rsal geleneklerin ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131n koruyucular\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 zamanda ge\u00e7imimizi sa\u011flayanlar olarak Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda olumlu bir imaj\u0131 var. Bu da se\u00e7menlerin \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn onlara sempati duydu\u011fu ve onlarla \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7eviren Ciar\u00e1n Lawless<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kim bunlar ve neden protesto ediyorlar? Yakla\u015f\u0131k dokuz milyon i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir sekt\u00f6r olan Avrupa tar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n derin bir kriz i\u00e7inde olmas\u0131, Avrupa genelinde binlerce ki\u015finin benzer taleplerle ama farkl\u0131 motivasyonlarla sokaklara d\u00f6k\u00fclmesine neden oluyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25175,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-25208","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/25208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25208"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=25208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}