{"id":31197,"date":"2022-04-26T14:23:00","date_gmt":"2022-04-26T12:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/article\/gece-yarisi-sevkiyati\/"},"modified":"2024-03-14T09:32:34","modified_gmt":"2024-03-14T08:32:34","slug":"gece-yarisi-sevkiyati","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/article\/gece-yarisi-sevkiyati\/","title":{"rendered":"Gece yar\u0131s\u0131 sevkiyat\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Salus populi suprema lex esto. <\/em>(Halk\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 en y\u00fcksek yasad\u0131r)<\/em>Cicero <\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n

Bir gece etnograf\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131s\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz on y\u0131l boyunca Londra, B\u00fckre\u015f, Budape\u015fte, \u0130stanbul ve Milano’da vardiyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara ula\u015ft\u0131m. Ula\u015f\u0131m ve sa\u011fl\u0131k gibi sekt\u00f6rlerde ve hizmetlerde gece vardiyas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, “9-5 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n “1 “di\u011fer” \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131d\u0131r. 2003 tarihli bir Avrupa Parlamentosu ve Konsey Direktifi gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r<\/a>: a) Normalde g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin 3 saati gece olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, ayda en az bir kez; b) her y\u0131l gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri toplam \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin y\u00fczde 50’sine e\u015fit veya daha fazla olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar. “Gece vakti”, gece yar\u0131s\u0131 ile 05:00 aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcreyi de i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde yedi saatten az olmayan herhangi bir s\u00fcre anlam\u0131na gelmektedir<\/a>2. <\/p>\n\n

\u0130ngiltere’de 3 milyondan fazla ki\u015fi veya her dokuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fandan biri Gece Ekonomisine (NTE) katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r3. AB’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde yirmisi ‘mezarl\u0131k vardiyas\u0131’ yapmaktad\u0131r4. Pandemi<\/a> s\u0131ras\u0131nda<\/a> ve sonras\u0131ndaki<\/a> m\u00fcnferit giri\u015fimler d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 karakterize eden a\u011f\u0131r \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccret ve k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 haklar politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar ve kamuoyu i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fcnmez olmaya devam etmektedir5. <\/p>\n\n

Sanayi sonras\u0131 \u00fclkelerde ve \u00f6zellikle de NTE’nin geni\u015flemesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden k\u00fcresel \u015fehirlerde, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu, i\u015fleri kilit kentsel altyap\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fleyi\u015fini destekleyen g\u00f6\u00e7menler, kad\u0131nlar ve beyaz olmayan insanlardan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ancak, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 hala a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak, belirli dinamikler ve sorunlar olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz eme\u011finin bir tamamlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir6 7 .<\/p>\n\n

G\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilerin durumu \u00f6zellikle vahimdir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu i\u015f\u00e7ilerin g\u00fcvencesiz ko\u015fullarda, yani d\u00fczenli bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olmadan, belgesiz ve uygun olmayan saatlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak masa ba\u015f\u0131 i\u015fleri kabul etme olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 yerel halktan daha y\u00fcksektir. G\u00f6\u00e7men kad\u0131nlar i\u015fyerlerinde s\u0131kl\u0131kla cinsel taciz ve \u015fiddete<\/a> maruz kalmaktad\u0131r. Erkeklere k\u0131yasla daha g\u00f6r\u00fcnmezdirler, ev i\u00e7i emekten farkl\u0131<\/a> olarak gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131 genellikle erkekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu uzun vadeli yap\u0131sal sorunlar, g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve gece eme\u011fi, g\u00f6\u00e7menler ve yerel halk, kad\u0131nlar ve erkekler aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar\u0131, asimetrileri ve kopukluklar\u0131 art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

\u0130ki y\u00f6nl\u00fc kriz<\/h2>\n\n

Yakla\u015f\u0131k bir y\u0131l boyunca Londra’daki bir gece pazar\u0131nda hamal olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n genellikle kendilerini d\u0131\u015flanm\u0131\u015f ve toplumun geri kalan\u0131ndan izole edilmi\u015f hissettiklerini anlad\u0131m. Bir\u00e7o\u011fu, uyan\u0131k kalmak i\u00e7in sirkadiyen veya biyolojik ritimlerini hackledikleri i\u00e7in ciddi sa\u011fl\u0131k etkileri ya\u015f\u0131yor. Dahas\u0131, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ritmi onlar\u0131 aileleri ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in ula\u015f\u0131lmaz k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

Gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n durumu, ‘felaket, kriz y\u00fckl\u00fc ve y\u00fcce’8 olan\u0131n kolayca g\u00f6lgesinde kalan ‘s\u0131radan, kronik ve kaba’ olana aittir. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta Brexit ve pandemi, g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fe ba\u015fka katmanlar da ekledi. Brexit y\u00fcz binlerce Avrupal\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iyi ‘yerle\u015fik stat\u00fc’ i\u00e7in uygunsuz hale getirdi ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmakla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir.<\/p>\n\n

COVID-19’un yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in uygulanan soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131 pandemik hareket(<\/a>sizlik)ler yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r :<\/a>‘elzem’ ve ‘elzem olmayan’ i\u015fler aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131ma dayanarak, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar sa\u011fl\u0131k risklerine maruz kalarak i\u015flerini eskisi gibi yapmaya devam etmi\u015ftir. Aralar\u0131nda serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar ve platform \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi, maddi destek olmaks\u0131z\u0131n evlerine kapanmak zorunda kald\u0131. Hem Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’tan hem de Romanya’dan tan\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131, derin bir g\u00fcvensizlik duygusunu ifade etmekte ve emek rejimlerinin marjinallik ko\u015fullar\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kentsel alanlarda g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma deneyimini ve toplumsal cinsiyet ili\u015fkilerini yeniden inceleme f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n

Bir depoda gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131. Foto\u011fraf Julius-Cezar MacQuarie c\/o Nightworkshop’un izniyle<\/p>\n\n

John, 2008’deki ekonomik krizden bu yana \u00e7ift katl\u0131 ara\u00e7 \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \u00dclkesi Kenya’da, \u00fclkeyi kas\u0131p kavuran etnik \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalardan ka\u00e7\u0131p Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta g\u00fcvenli bir yere ula\u015fana kadar 15 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre kad\u0131n milli voleybol tak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n antren\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131. Pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, geceye kadar uzanan g\u00fcnd\u00fcz ve ak\u015fam vardiyalar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ben tecritteyken, onun yemek molalar\u0131nda telefonla konu\u015ftuk. Kabininde otururken, nas\u0131l<\/p>\n\n

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Bir s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olarak, t\u00fcm vardiya boyunca o kafesin i\u00e7inde kilitli kal\u0131yorum. Araba kullanmak i\u00e7in oturdu\u011fum kutum her zaman kapal\u0131 olmal\u0131. Eskiden \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklimiz de\u011fi\u015fti. Nefes alam\u0131yorum! Bir\u00e7ok insan \u00f6ld\u00fc, bu \u00e7ok korkutucu. Halka hizmet etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kendimi hapsedilmi\u015f gibi hissediyorum. Pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak benim i\u00e7in zor oldu \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmazsam ev kredim ve ailem i\u00e7in para bulamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131 biliyordum. Bu da ba\u015fka bir t\u00fcr korku. Pandemi olsun ya da olmas\u0131n, ailenizi ge\u00e7indirecek paran\u0131z olmamas\u0131 sizi kap\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na iter. Ve \u015fu ya da bu nedenle, pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar, Londra’y\u0131 hareket halinde tutmak i\u00e7in gerekli i\u015fleri yapanlar g\u00f6\u00e7menlerdi. Genel olarak biz g\u00f6\u00e7menler, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u015f i\u00e7in takdir edilmiyoruz. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin bizi hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na u\u011fratt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Londra \u0130tfaiyesi’nde ilk m\u00fcdahale g\u00f6revlisi olan Phil, otuz y\u0131ld\u0131r gece vardiyas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor: \u0130nsanlar 999’u ar\u0131yor ve sonra… Bosch, ben geliyorum. Ben sadece gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan biri de\u011filim. Ayr\u0131ca her hafta g\u00fcnd\u00fcz vardiyas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorum. Bu y\u00fczden g\u00fcnler, geceler ve farkl\u0131 ritimler aras\u0131nda gidip geliyorum. S\u0131k s\u0131k vardiyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yormu\u015fum gibi hissediyorum. Ve ya\u015fland\u0131k\u00e7a daha da kolayla\u015fm\u0131yor. Vardiyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, i\u015finiz daha \u00e7ok ya\u015fam tarz\u0131n\u0131z haline gelir. \u00c7o\u011fu zaman insanlar uyan\u0131kken etrafta olmazs\u0131n\u0131z ya da tam tersi.<\/p>\n\n

Seks i\u015f\u00e7ileri i\u00e7in tecrit yok<\/h2>\n\n

Bir sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olan Eleana, sokak seks i\u015f\u00e7ilerine ula\u015fan bir cinsel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetinin par\u00e7as\u0131. A\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine kat\u0131lmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in onlara destek oluyor. Seks i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin ya\u015flar\u0131 20 ile 50 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fmektedir ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu Afrikal\u0131, siyah Karayipli, Brezilyal\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Avrupal\u0131 olmak \u00fczere kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k k\u00f6kenlidir. Eleana’n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, <\/p>\n\n

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Bir\u00e7o\u011fu k\u0131t kanaat ge\u00e7iniyor – m\u00fc\u015fteri bulmak i\u00e7in d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor, 20 sterlin kazan\u0131yor ve sonra uyu\u015fturucu almaya gidiyorlar. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 bar\u0131naklar\u0131na girip \u00e7\u0131kabilir ve uyu\u015fturucu al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 beslemek i\u00e7in yeterli para kazanmalar\u0131 gerekti\u011finden b\u00fct\u00fcn gece yollarda bir a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 bir yukar\u0131 gidebilirler. Baz\u0131 kad\u0131nlar hayatlar\u0131 boyunca istismara maruz kalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Bir sosyal yard\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 olarak Eleana, i\u015f rol\u00fcn\u00fcn bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ‘el tutmak – \u00e7e\u015fitli toplum hizmetleriyle irtibat kurarken kad\u0131nlar ad\u0131na \u00e7ok fazla konu\u015fma yap\u0131yorum’ oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. \u015euna dikkat \u00e7ekti <\/p>\n\n

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Seks i\u015f\u00e7ileri s\u0131kl\u0131kla evsizlik, cinsel istismar, ak\u0131l sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ve\/veya uyu\u015fturucu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmaktad\u0131r. G\u00f6\u00e7men seks i\u015f\u00e7ileri, polis devriyeleri taraf\u0131ndan ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k veya dil engelleri nedeniyle sosyal d\u0131\u015flanma gibi ek tehditlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

\u00c7o\u011fu seks i\u015f\u00e7isi, seks i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin m\u00fc\u015fterilerle bulu\u015fmak i\u00e7in devriye gezdi\u011fi bir alan olan ‘ritim’ b\u00f6lgesine park edilmi\u015f arabalarda oturan pezevenkleri taraf\u0131ndan yak\u0131ndan izlenmektedir. Eleana ve meslekta\u015flar\u0131 seks i\u015f\u00e7ileriyle \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre sohbet ederlerse, pezevenk onlar\u0131 \u00e7a\u011f\u0131racakt\u0131r. Eleana, soka\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kma yasaklar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve pandemi boyunca hizmetlerinin haftal\u0131k sosyal yard\u0131m saatlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, b\u00f6ylece seks i\u015f\u00e7ilerine COVID-19 ve dikkat etmeleri gereken semptomlar hakk\u0131nda g\u00fcncel bilgiler verebildiklerini, onlara yiyecek verdiklerini ve evsiz kad\u0131nlara bar\u0131nma imkan\u0131 sunmak i\u00e7in s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma evi hizmetleriyle irtibat kurduklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

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\u015ea\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, pandemi \u00f6ncesine g\u00f6re daha fazla say\u0131da kad\u0131nla ve daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6rmedi\u011fimiz bir\u00e7ok yeni y\u00fczle tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131k. Sosyal mesafe kurallar\u0131, bu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n bizlerle, sokak d\u00fcnyalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki insanlarla kurduklar\u0131 \u00e7ok az fiziksel temas\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcnmez ‘gig’ s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri<\/h2>\n\n

Bat\u0131 Romanya’n\u0131n Oradea kentinde dijital platform s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Sara, pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda ara\u00e7 kullan\u0131rken do\u011fan\u0131n \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131yla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131:<\/p>\n\n

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Bu biraz zor. Tuvalet ihtiyac\u0131m oldu\u011funda… M\u00fc\u015fteriye sorar\u0131m, aceleniz var m\u0131? Evet derlerse, devam ediyorum ve yolculu\u011fu bitirene kadar bekliyorum. Hay\u0131r derlerse, o zaman tuvalet i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekten durmam gerekti\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyorum. \u00c7o\u011fu sorun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Eskiden yerel bir s\u00fcpermarkette dururdum ama art\u0131k duram\u0131yorum. COVID-19 sertifikas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermedi\u011fimiz s\u00fcrece bize izin vermiyorlar. Ama ben a\u015f\u0131 olmak istemedim. Bekleyip g\u00f6rece\u011fim. \u015eimdilik, bazen m\u00fc\u015fterinin var\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131na giderken benzin istasyonlar\u0131nda duruyorum.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Alexa eskiden Londra’da bir gece pazar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00e7o\u011funlukla geceleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak ve g\u00fcnd\u00fczleri k\u0131z\u0131na bakarak serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir taksi \u015fof\u00f6r\u00fc oldu. 2020’de, ilk tecrit emri verilmeden hemen \u00f6nce, kendisi ve k\u0131z\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015flerin nas\u0131l sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ne kadar mutlu oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi. <\/p>\n\n

Ancak karantina ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, taksi \u015fof\u00f6rlerinin i\u015fleri ‘elzem olmayan’ i\u015fler olarak kabul edildi. Nisan 2020’ye gelindi\u011finde Alexa ‘COVID-19 durumundan bu yana \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 nas\u0131l b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. \u015eimdi \u00f6demem gereken bir s\u00fcr\u00fc fatura var. Araba kredimi \u00fc\u00e7 ay erteledim ama kiran\u0131n h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6denmesi gerekiyor. \u00c7ok zor oldu!<\/p>\n\n

Kad\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler, platform ekonomisi ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00fcndeminde ve i\u015f\u00e7i merkezli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yer almamaktad\u0131r9. Yine de, “d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 64 milyondan fazla kad\u0131n dijital emek platformlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla gig i\u015f bulmaktad\u0131r ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu \u00fccretli i\u015f ve aileyi uzla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak lanse edilen “\u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici” platform olanaklar\u0131yla motive olmaktad\u0131r “10<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n

Londra’da barmen olmak<\/h2>\n\n

Bernie, bir barmen, ak\u015fam vardiyas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda izinliydi ve Temmuz 2020’de i\u015fine geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Londra’da bir barda n\u00f6bet\u00e7i m\u00fcd\u00fcr olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Bernie, haftada ortalama 40 ila 50 saat aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

\n

\u0130lk tecrit sona erdi\u011finde kendimi \u00e7ok gergin hissettim. Son derece endi\u015feli. Birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m insanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda uzun zamand\u0131r kimseyle ileti\u015fim kurmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Sosyal temasa ihtiyac\u0131m oldu\u011funu fark ettim. \u0130\u015fe d\u00f6nmem gerekiyordu. Ancak, neredeyse yeni bir i\u015fe ba\u015flamak gibiydi. Her \u015feyi biliyordum – nas\u0131l hizmet edilece\u011fini ve t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131. Ama onu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, ak\u0131\u015fa geri d\u00f6nmek, uzun s\u00fcredir rutin bir \u015fey yapmamak…<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n

Konaklama ve a\u011f\u0131rlama sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k krizini devlet deste\u011fi olmadan nas\u0131l atlatt\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131k tahmin konusu de\u011fildir – bir yandan ani gelir kayb\u0131, ard\u0131ndan mali zorluklar, artan belirsizlik, yaln\u0131zl\u0131k ve baz\u0131 durumlarda ciddi ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131; di\u011fer yandan ‘temel’ \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar artan i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc ve bask\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r11.<\/p>\n\n

Yukar\u0131da tan\u0131t\u0131lanlar gibi vardiyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n deneyimleri, karantina s\u0131ras\u0131nda uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilen veya h\u00fck\u00fcmetten mali destek alan ki\u015filerin deneyimlerinden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n

Karantina s\u0131ras\u0131nda restoran\u0131 kapat\u0131n. Foto\u011fraf Julius-Cezar MacQuarie c\/o Nightworkshop’un izniyle<\/p>\n\n

Gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 muazzamd\u0131r. Normal zamanlarda bile, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 alternatifsizlik nedeniyle genellikle sa\u011fl\u0131ks\u0131z fast food yemektedir. Arkada\u015flar\u0131na ula\u015famazlar ve aile etkinliklerine kat\u0131lamazlar. Ayr\u0131ca, uzun s\u00fcre gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak sirkadiyen ve biyolojik ritimleri bozmakta, bu da hem i\u015f yerinde strese maruz<\/a> kalmay\u0131 hem de potansiyel kanser risklerini art\u0131rmaktad\u0131r12. <\/p>\n\n

Pandemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, belirli \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli meslekler ‘temel’ olarak yeniden kategorize edilmi\u015f ve g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7ilere ekonomik ve sosyal alanda ‘kilit roller’ verilmi\u015ftir13. Bu s\u00f6ylemsel d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131, g\u00f6\u00e7men ya da yerel olsun, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k krizinden \u00f6nce kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131ndan daha derin k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131klar ya\u015famas\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011finde kendini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n\n

Gece \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/h2>\n\n

Pandemi boyunca, ‘kilit sekt\u00f6rlerdeki’ gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u00fcretim hatlar\u0131nda, g\u0131da i\u015fleme ve paketleme depolar\u0131nda, meyve ve sebze y\u00fcklemelerinde, otob\u00fcs, tren ve metrolarda \u015fof\u00f6rl\u00fck yaparken, yollar\u0131 onar\u0131rken, hastalara bakarken, at\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6netirken ve acil durum \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131na cevap verirken tetikteydi. <\/p>\n\n

Onlar\u0131n deneyimleri, hareketlilik ve hareketsizli\u011fin birbirine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 bir dinamik i\u00e7inde oldu\u011funu ve biri olmadan di\u011ferinden bahsedemeyece\u011fimizi ortaya koyuyor. En \u00f6nemlisi de, emek\u00e7i bedenleri \u015fafak s\u00f6kmeden bitkin b\u0131rakan, g\u00fcvencesizlikle karakterize edilen post-sirkadyen kapitalist \u00fcretim rejimini g\u00f6stermektedirler.<\/p>\n\n

1 Mart 2022 tarihinde, post-end\u00fcstriyel toplumlar\u0131n g\u00fcnd\u00fcz merkezli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma sistemi i\u00e7erisinde sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmek bir yana, nadiren fark edilen gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunan Gece<\/a> \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 T\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fc’n\u00fcn lansman\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdim.<\/p>\n\n

\u015eart, (1) gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fc sorunlar\u0131 tan\u0131may\u0131, (2) gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla ili\u015fkili \u00e7ok katmanl\u0131 g\u00fcvencesizli\u011fi ele almay\u0131 ve (3) gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 yasal a\u00e7\u0131dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imi haline getirmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. \u0130mzac\u0131<\/a> olabilir ve \u015eart\u0131 sendikalara, emek \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine, i\u015fverenlere, yerel ve b\u00f6lgesel konseylere ve sa\u011fl\u0131k ve g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6rg\u00fctlerine tavsiye edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n

1 Bianchini (1995)<\/code><\/p>\n\n

2 Directive 2003\/88\/EC. Chapter 1, art. 2, paras. 1-4<\/code><\/p>\n\n

3 Trade Union Congress (2015)<\/code><\/p>\n\n

4 Eurofound (2018). Nightwork, EurWork, European Observatory of Working Life. No precise figures on night workers in Romania exist at the time of writing.<\/code><\/p>\n\n

5 Macarie (2017)<\/code><\/p>\n\n

6 See Ruhs & Anderson (2010)<\/code><\/p>\n\n

7 Though there is no clear breakdown of migrant and local night shift workers serving NTEs, there is an agreed assumption among researchers that post-industrial countries demand migrants to work in precarious, low-paid, back-breaking work.<\/code><\/p>\n\n

8 Povinelli (2011), 13<\/code><\/p>\n\n

9 See for example Howcroft & Moore (2018), Cant (2020).<\/code><\/p>\n\n

10 From an online presentation by Al James (2021) on \u201cPlatforming women, work and family in the gig economy\u201d for the Philomathia Fellows Society<\/a>.<\/code><\/p>\n\n

11 Focus on Labour Exploitation. 2021. \u201cTo help workers, I would tell the government to\u2026\u201d Participatory Research with Workers in the UK Hospitality Sector. Participatory Research Working Paper 2. Available at: www.labourexploitation.org<\/a>; UK Hospitality. 2021. Hospitality sector loses \u00a380.8bn of sales in 12 months of COVID-19. Online. Accessed 18\/06\/2021.<\/code><\/p>\n\n

12 IARC (2020). Night shift work. IARC Monogr Identif Carcinog Hazards Hum, 124, p.46 and 359.<\/code><\/p>\n\n

13 Alcorn (2020), Fernandez et al. (2020)<\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kilit altyap\u0131lar\u0131n ve hizmetlerin i\u015fleyi\u015fi i\u00e7in elzem olsa da, gece \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 g\u00fcnd\u00fcz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan meslekta\u015flar\u0131na ek g\u00fcvencesizlik katmanlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Londra ve Oradea’dan gelen tan\u0131kl\u0131klar, Brexit ve pandemi nedeniyle daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen derin bir g\u00fcvensizlik duygusu aktar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20236,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-31197","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/31197","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31197"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31197"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=31197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}