{"id":35980,"date":"2024-04-15T13:59:51","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T11:59:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=35980"},"modified":"2024-09-06T16:35:13","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T14:35:13","slug":"leo-varadkars-legacies","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/article\/leo-varadkars-legacies\/","title":{"rendered":"Leo Varadkar’\u0131n Miraslar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Y\u0131l 2018 ve Kanada, G\u00fcney Ontario’da yeni bir tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131mla \u00f6\u011fleden sonra bir i\u00e7ki payla\u015f\u0131yorum. Sohbet \u0130rlanda toplumundaki de\u011fi\u015fimlere d\u00f6n\u00fcyor – Katolik etkisinin \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc ve sosyal de\u011ferlerin h\u0131zla liberalle\u015fmesi hakk\u0131ndaki tan\u0131d\u0131k anlat\u0131. Bu h\u0131zl\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm iki tarihi referandumla \u00f6zetlenebilir: 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130rlanda<\/a> bo\u015fanmay\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131ran sondan ikinci Avrupa \u00fclkesi oldu ( 2011 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bo\u015fanmay\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmayan Malta<\/a>‘n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde) ve 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda halk oylamas\u0131yla (ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7o\u011funlukla<\/a>) e\u015fcinsel evlili\u011fi yasalla\u015ft\u0131ran d\u00fcnyadaki ilk \u00fclke oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kanadal\u0131 i\u00e7ki arkada\u015f\u0131m kestirip at\u0131yor: “Ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131z e\u015fcinsel ve Hintli, de\u011fil mi?” Ses tonundan, bunu i\u00e7sel bir iyilik olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc anl\u0131yorum – iyi adamlar i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir hedef. Ancak i\u00e7g\u00fcd\u00fcsel olarak verdi\u011fim yan\u0131t, ona \u0130rlanda solundaki en pop\u00fcler meme resminin<\/a> s\u00f6z konusu ba\u015fbakan Leo Varadkar’\u0131 Margaret Thatcher sa\u00e7 modeliyle tasvir etti\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek oluyor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

As Eoghan Kelly<\/strong> points out<\/a> in The Conversation<\/em><\/strong>, Varadkar’\u0131n 2017’de ba\u015flayan liderli\u011finin ilk y\u0131llar\u0131 olduk\u00e7a pop\u00fcler olmayan kemer s\u0131kma \u00f6nlemleriyle karakterize edilirken, daha yak\u0131n y\u0131llarda geli\u015fen bir ekonomiyi denetledi ve resignation<\/a> this March all the more surprising. O ilk y\u0131llar Varadkar’\u0131n alt s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n, \u00f6zellikle de i\u015fsizlerin d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak \u00fcn kazanmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u00fclkenin ilk a\u00e7\u0131k e\u015fcinsel taoiseach<\/a>‘\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeysel kutlamalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamda, \u0130rlanda’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen hiciv sitesi Waterford Whispers News<\/em><\/strong> headline<\/a>  “Leo Varadkar \u0130rlanda’n\u0131n \u0130lk A\u00e7\u0131k S\u0131n\u0131f\u00e7\u0131 Lideri Oldu”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In The Guardian, <\/em>Rory Carroll<\/strong> suggests<\/a> Varadkar, \u0130rlanda siyasetindeki baz\u0131 tarihi d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131yla, \u00f6zellikle de k\u00fcrtaj\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131ran k\u00fcrtaj\u0131<\/a> yasalla\u015ft\u0131ran 2018 referandumuyla ili\u015fkilendirilse bile, bu geli\u015fmelerde hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00f6nemli bir oyuncu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi. Carroll’a g\u00f6re “Yabanc\u0131lar Varadkar’a liberalle\u015fme ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselen bir timsali olarak bay\u0131lma e\u011filimindeydi”, ancak “\u0130rlandal\u0131 ilericiler g\u00f6zlerini deviriyor, a\u011f\u0131r i\u015fi di\u011fer siyaset\u00e7ilerin ve tabandan gelen gruplar\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyordu.” Bu dinamik Varadkar ile yap\u0131lan ilk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. R\u00f6portaj<\/a> Niamh Horan<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan Irish Independent<\/em><\/strong> da 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda kendisine “\u0130rlanda’da k\u00fcrtaj\u0131n bir s\u0131n\u0131f meselesi” oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmedi\u011fi soruluyor. Varadkar g\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve soruyu anlamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bile s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Ba\u011flam a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, k\u00fcrtaj yasal hale gelmeden \u00f6nce, k\u00fcrtaj yapt\u0131rmak isteyen \u0130rlandal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u0130ngiltere’ye seyahat ve k\u00fcrtaj hizmetleri i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yapmalar\u0131 gerekiyordu, bu da daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck (veya marjinal) sosyo-ekonomik ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahip kad\u0131nlar\u0131 d\u0131\u015fl\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130rlanda’n\u0131n sonraki ekonomik talihine gelince, Eoin Burke-Kennedy<\/strong> in The Irish Times<\/em><\/strong> is unsure<\/a> if Varadkar ger\u00e7ekten “b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ABD’den gelen kitlesel yat\u0131r\u0131mlara dayanan tam istihdam ve ayn\u0131 firmalardan gelen rekor kurumlar vergisi gelirleriyle sa\u011flanan b\u00fct\u00e7e fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in” \u00f6vg\u00fc alabilir mi? Bununla birlikte, Burke-Kennedy’nin de belirtti\u011fi gibi, Varadkar’\u0131n olumlu miras\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yer buras\u0131d\u0131r – “\u0130rlanda ekonomisinin iki katmanl\u0131 do\u011fas\u0131na \u00e7ok benzeyen, baz\u0131 yerlerde turbo \u015farjl\u0131, di\u011ferlerinde diki\u015flerde g\u0131c\u0131rdayan” bir miras.<\/p>

\n\n\n\n

Siyaset bilimci Eoin O’Malley, Varadkar’\u0131n Jon Henley<\/strong> reports<\/a> in The Guardian<\/em><\/strong>‘a g\u00f6re “miras\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imin kaybedeni olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131” iddia ediyor. Ger\u00e7ekten de Varadkar’\u0131n istifas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki nedenler tam olarak a\u00e7\u0131k olmasa da<\/a>, buna katk\u0131da bulunan bariz fakt\u00f6rlerden biri Mart ay\u0131nda yap\u0131lan aile ve bak\u0131m referandumlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131kla sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131<\/a> d\u0131r. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra muhalefet partileri, STK’lar ve sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fctleri taraf\u0131ndan desteklenen referandumlar, 1937 \u0130rlanda anayasas\u0131nda yer alan, ailelerin evlilik ili\u015fkisi ile tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kad\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferinin ev i\u015flerine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 katk\u0131 ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc “eski moda” kad\u0131n ve aile tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncellemeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. Shawn Pogatchnik<\/strong>  Politico Europe<\/em><\/strong>‘da<\/a> a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, “ge\u00e7mi\u015f bir d\u00f6neme ait bu kavramlar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n be\u015fte ikisinin evlilik d\u0131\u015f\u0131 do\u011fdu\u011fu ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funun ev d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz \u0130rlanda’s\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekleriyle keskin bir tezat olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referandumlar\u0131 destekleyenler, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f ifadelerden<\/a> ve oylaman\u0131n Uluslararas\u0131 Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc<\/a> ile ayn\u0131 zamana denk getirilmesinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etme e\u011filimindedir. \u0130rlanda’n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama etkili Sosyalist Partisi, engelli haklar\u0131 savunucular\u0131n\u0131n endi\u015felerini dinledikten sonra son dakikada bak\u0131m referandumundan deste\u011fini \u00e7ekmeye karar verdi. Referandum kabul edilirse, devletin engellilere yard\u0131m sa\u011flama y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc zay\u0131flatabilir ve \u0130rlandal\u0131 senat\u00f6r Tom Clonan<\/strong> \u015eubat ay\u0131nda Irish Examiner<\/em><\/strong> da<\/a> savundu\u011fu gibi. Varadkar’\u0131n bu endi\u015felere verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t<\/a> pek de g\u00fcven verici de\u011fildi: “D\u00fcr\u00fcst olmak gerekirse bunun devletin sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorum. Bunun daha \u00e7ok bir aile sorumlulu\u011fu oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.” Ciar\u00e1n O’Rourke<\/strong>‘un s\u00f6yledi\u011fi gibi<\/a> sol g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc ABD yay\u0131n organ\u0131nda Jacobin<\/em><\/strong>, “Margaret Thatcher kesinlikle ayn\u0131 fikirde olurdu”.  

Bu referandumlar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 nedenlerine, pop\u00fcler olmayan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmete basit\u00e7e (iki kez) hay\u0131r deme arzusunu da eklemeliyiz. Yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en bo\u015fanma ve e\u015fcinsel evlilik referandumlar\u0131, dini hiyerar\u015fiye kar\u015f\u0131 uzun s\u00fcredir kaynayan k\u0131zg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 – \u00e7ocuk cinsel istismar\u0131, toplu mezarlar<\/a> vb. – Son referandumlar, \u00f6zellikle Burke-Kennedy ve yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7en di\u011ferlerinin vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yayg\u0131n ekonomik e\u015fitsizlik nedeniyle h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kendisinin kamuoyunun ana hedefi haline geldi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde yap\u0131ld\u0131.

Yak\u0131n zamana kadar bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131k, IRA’n\u0131n eski siyasi kanad\u0131 Sinn F\u00e9in’de siyasi bir \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131 bulmu\u015f olabilir. Agn\u00e8s Maillot<\/strong> ‘un<\/a> The Conversation<\/em><\/strong>‘da a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, parti sayg\u0131nl\u0131k kazanma ve g\u00fcvenilir bir sol kanat alternatifi olma yolunda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar att\u0131. Ancak bu sayg\u0131nl\u0131k iki ucu keskin bir k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7: iktidara yakla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a (ve polls<\/a> ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok yak\u0131n olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor), stat\u00fcko i\u00e7in daha az tehdit gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyorlar. Bu durum partiyi geleneksel taban\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya getirmi\u015ftir. Eski sava\u015f muhabiri Aris Roussinos<\/strong> writes<\/a> in UnHerd<\/em><\/strong> (in reference to recent polling<\/a> of voter attitudes by party) <\/strong>“Sinn Fein se\u00e7menleri – sosyal liberal liderli\u011finin belirgin \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ra\u011fmen – \u00fclkedeki en milliyet\u00e7i se\u00e7men blo\u011fudur”. B\u00f6ylece, herhangi bir siyasi temsil duygusu olmaks\u0131z\u0131n, n\u00fcfusun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kesimi pop\u00fclist isyana y\u00f6nelmi\u015ftir. Leo Varadkar liderli\u011fe veda ederken, \u0130rlanda “Avrupa’n\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket eden, ancak siyasi s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n\u0131 rahats\u0131z eden pop\u00fclist isyan\u0131na merhaba diyor.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Leo Varadkar’\u0131n Mart ay\u0131ndaki s\u00fcrpriz istifas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan bu ayki North By Northwest bas\u0131n incelemesi, \u0130rlanda’n\u0131n en gen\u00e7 ba\u015fbakan\u0131n\u0131n miras\u0131n\u0131n anglofon bas\u0131n taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l yorumland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35957,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-35980","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/35980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35980"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=35980"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}