D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7arken, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kendilerini denklemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda buluyor – gig ekonomisine dahil olanlar. Bu durum, istihdam yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklan\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n
Geleneksel i\u015flerin aksine, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli programlardan yoksundur ve genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dakika veya saniyelere dayal\u0131 geleneksel olmayan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenirler. Bu model, g\u00f6revleri beklemek, m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgilenmek veya serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa ‘kilitli kalmak<\/a>‘ gibi \u00f6nemli \u00f6denmeyen zaman yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131<\/a> hesaba katmamaktad\u0131r. ETUI’den Piasna, ‘bu temel meseleler ele al\u0131nana kadar, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n erken oldu\u011funu’ vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak yine de baz\u0131 umutlar var. AB’nin 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Platform \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Direktifi<\/a> oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Mevzuat, ‘istihdam varsay\u0131m\u0131<\/a>‘ getirerek, platformlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ekten serbest meslek sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 halinde gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 asgari \u00fccret, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131na eri\u015fim elde edebilecek. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin ve potansiyel olarak daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n benimsenme oran\u0131 baz\u0131 temel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle iyile\u015fme g\u00f6sterebilir. Du Bois, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 konusunda bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ivme Avrupa’da giderek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yor. Almanya 1 \u015eubat 2024 tarihinde 4 Day Week Global’in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 45 \u015firketi kapsayan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bir deneme <\/a> ba\u015flatt\u0131. Portekiz de 2023’ten bu yana 39 \u015firketi kapsayan benzer bir proje <\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n AB d\u00fczeyinde, Avrupa Komisyonu’nun \u0130stihdam ve Sosyal Haklardan Sorumlu \u00dcyesi Nicolas Schmit ‘\u015fu anda bu konuda yeni bir mevzuata ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n mevcut AB mevzuat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda zaten uygulanabilece\u011fini’ s\u00f6yledi. Schmit ayr\u0131ca Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun \u015fu anda d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fi ve etkileri konusunda i\u015f\u00e7i ve \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de s\u00f6zlerine ekledi<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u00f6rnekleri, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n potansiyel faydalar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, i\u015fverenlerin ve toplumun yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde yeniden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeli vizyonuna katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Yapay zekan\u0131n da etkisiyle geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fcretkenli\u011fin <\/a> y\u00fczde 40 oran\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, kazan\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi acil bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Refaha yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya ve \u015firket sahipleri ile hissedarlar\u0131n k\u00e2r\u0131 cebe indirmesine izin vermeye devam m\u0131 edece\u011fiz, yoksa giderek t\u00fckenen, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in bo\u015f zaman f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik mi verece\u011fiz?\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bireysel olarak tercih etme hakk\u0131 sayesinde, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alma sorumlulu\u011funu, i\u015fverenleriyle m\u00fczakere etmesi ve resmi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara devretti.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ‘kolektif olarak \u00fczerinde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan ve uygulanan bir sisteme k\u0131yasla kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkilere yol a\u00e7ma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu’ uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Kolektif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak herkesin e\u015fit eri\u015fimini sa\u011flar<\/p>.\n\n\n\n ‘Kad\u0131nlar esnek se\u00e7eneklere benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyillidir,’ diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor Piasna, ‘\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve ev i\u015fleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere bak\u0131m i\u015flerinin birincil sorumlulu\u011funu hala onlar \u00fcstlenmektedir. Bu durum, i\u015fe olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131layabilen i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan her zaman olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmamaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu da terfiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere kariyer ilerlemesini etkileyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyilli olaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131 olabilece\u011finden, istihdam edilebilirli\u011fi de etkileyebilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kad\u0131nlar genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna ayr\u0131ca, konaklama ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri gibi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken baz\u0131 kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir modele uyum sa\u011flayamayaca\u011f\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131na da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 <\/a>iyile\u015ftirece\u011fini ve daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00e7ekerek potansiyel olarak i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc eksikli\u011fini hafifletece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan elde edilen kan\u0131tlara ra\u011fmen, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn dolayl\u0131 olarak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerine eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Piasna’ya g\u00f6re ‘Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, zorlu g\u00f6revler ve \u00f6nemli beceri ve \u00e7aba ihtiyac\u0131 insanlar\u0131 genellikle uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor’. Piasna’ya g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bu zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelebilir, bu sekt\u00f6rleri daha cazip hale getirebilir ve yetenekleri elde tutabilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7arken, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kendilerini denklemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda buluyor – gig ekonomisine dahil olanlar. Bu durum, istihdam yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklan\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Geleneksel i\u015flerin aksine, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli programlardan yoksundur ve genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dakika veya saniyelere dayal\u0131 geleneksel olmayan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenirler. Bu model, g\u00f6revleri beklemek, m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgilenmek veya serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa ‘kilitli kalmak<\/a>‘ gibi \u00f6nemli \u00f6denmeyen zaman yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131<\/a> hesaba katmamaktad\u0131r. ETUI’den Piasna, ‘bu temel meseleler ele al\u0131nana kadar, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n erken oldu\u011funu’ vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak yine de baz\u0131 umutlar var. AB’nin 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Platform \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Direktifi<\/a> oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Mevzuat, ‘istihdam varsay\u0131m\u0131<\/a>‘ getirerek, platformlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ekten serbest meslek sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 halinde gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 asgari \u00fccret, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131na eri\u015fim elde edebilecek. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin ve potansiyel olarak daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n benimsenme oran\u0131 baz\u0131 temel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle iyile\u015fme g\u00f6sterebilir. Du Bois, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 konusunda bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ivme Avrupa’da giderek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yor. Almanya 1 \u015eubat 2024 tarihinde 4 Day Week Global’in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 45 \u015firketi kapsayan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bir deneme <\/a> ba\u015flatt\u0131. Portekiz de 2023’ten bu yana 39 \u015firketi kapsayan benzer bir proje <\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n AB d\u00fczeyinde, Avrupa Komisyonu’nun \u0130stihdam ve Sosyal Haklardan Sorumlu \u00dcyesi Nicolas Schmit ‘\u015fu anda bu konuda yeni bir mevzuata ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n mevcut AB mevzuat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda zaten uygulanabilece\u011fini’ s\u00f6yledi. Schmit ayr\u0131ca Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun \u015fu anda d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fi ve etkileri konusunda i\u015f\u00e7i ve \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de s\u00f6zlerine ekledi<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u00f6rnekleri, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n potansiyel faydalar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, i\u015fverenlerin ve toplumun yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde yeniden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeli vizyonuna katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Yapay zekan\u0131n da etkisiyle geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fcretkenli\u011fin <\/a> y\u00fczde 40 oran\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, kazan\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi acil bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Refaha yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya ve \u015firket sahipleri ile hissedarlar\u0131n k\u00e2r\u0131 cebe indirmesine izin vermeye devam m\u0131 edece\u011fiz, yoksa giderek t\u00fckenen, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in bo\u015f zaman f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik mi verece\u011fiz?\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Kas\u0131m 2022’de d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik tepeden inmeci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, benimsenme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalmas\u0131yla birlikte pek de i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 modelinin aksine Bel\u00e7ika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n <\/a> ayn\u0131 38 saatlik i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc 9,5 saatlik d\u00f6rt g\u00fcne s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ticaret sendikalar\u0131 erken alarm verdi. Bel\u00e7ika Genel \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 bu \u00f6nlemi ‘i\u015fin toplu olarak azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 talebine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir b\u0131\u00e7ak <\/a>‘ olarak k\u0131nad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fverenler de temkinliydi. Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen sosyal hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan Securex taraf\u0131ndan Kas\u0131m 2022’de yay\u0131nlanan bir anket, \u00f6rnekleme al\u0131nan 1.340 i\u015fverenin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25’inin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n kendi sekt\u00f6rlerinde uygulanabilirli\u011fi <\/a> konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheci oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce imalat, konaklama ve perakende sekt\u00f6rlerindeki i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n<\/a> d\u0131r. Sadece y\u00fczde 13’\u00fc daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 taleplerini onaylamaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Gent \u00dcniversitesi’nde d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131 \u00fczerine doktora ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapan Kristen du Bois, 17 \u015firket lideriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yaparak i\u015fverenlerin \u015f\u00fcphecili\u011finin nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birinin yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sabit bir programa uyma zorunlulu\u011fu, i\u015f d\u00fczenlemelerinin de\u011ferli bir avantaj\u0131 olan i\u015f g\u00fcnlerinin ne zaman ba\u015flay\u0131p bitece\u011fini belirlemelerine olanak tan\u0131yan esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinden vazge\u00e7melerini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n \u0130dari engellerin yang\u0131na k\u00f6r\u00fckle gitti\u011fini belirten du Bois \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: ‘Bel\u00e7ika’da tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 38 saat iken, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi 40 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. E\u011fer d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep ederlerse, i\u015fverenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n g\u00fcnde 10 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin veren bir toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m\u00fczakere etmesi gerekiyor. Bu bir y\u00fck olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yasal ve sosyal engeller \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekse, du Bois i\u015fverenlerin ‘kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla be\u015f g\u00fcn yerine d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gayri resmi olarak kabul etme’ olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti. Bu da Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda bildirilenden daha y\u00fcksek olabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve ad\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131nla ilgili bir \u00f6rnek. \u0130\u015fvereniyle d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 i\u00e7in gayri resmi bir anla\u015fmaya varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak zaman \u00e7izelgesinde be\u015f g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yine de bu anla\u015fmadan memnun. Farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerinden insanlarla etkile\u015fimde bulunmak genellikle hem sabah erken saatlerde hem de gece ge\u00e7 saatlerde toplant\u0131lar yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n “Daha az g\u00fcn i\u00e7in daha uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zaman\u0131m\u0131 daha kolay tutmama yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor,” diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor, a\u011f\u0131r bir i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc bazen onu izin g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlasa da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Herkes ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Avrupa Sendikalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden (ETUI) Agnieszka Piasna, \u00f6zellikle i\u015fe gidip gelme s\u00fcresinin i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc on veya on bir saate uzataca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi i\u00e7in dokuz saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131n\u0131n ‘ger\u00e7ekten zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ belirtiyor.<\/p> \n\n\n\n ‘\u0130\u015f g\u00fcnlerinde \u00f6zel hayat ya da aile hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc f\u0131rsat\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor: \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 okula g\u00f6t\u00fcremiyorsunuz ya da onlar\u0131 alam\u0131yorsunuz, birlikte ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi yemek pratik olmuyor. Belirli bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm bo\u015f zaman\u0131 erozyona u\u011frat\u0131yor ve bu da haftada d\u00f6rt g\u00fcne yay\u0131l\u0131yor’. Piasna, Bel\u00e7ika modelinin ‘d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131’ olarak de\u011fil, ‘s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131’ olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bireysel olarak tercih etme hakk\u0131 sayesinde, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alma sorumlulu\u011funu, i\u015fverenleriyle m\u00fczakere etmesi ve resmi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara devretti.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ‘kolektif olarak \u00fczerinde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan ve uygulanan bir sisteme k\u0131yasla kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkilere yol a\u00e7ma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu’ uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Kolektif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak herkesin e\u015fit eri\u015fimini sa\u011flar<\/p>.\n\n\n\n ‘Kad\u0131nlar esnek se\u00e7eneklere benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyillidir,’ diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor Piasna, ‘\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve ev i\u015fleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere bak\u0131m i\u015flerinin birincil sorumlulu\u011funu hala onlar \u00fcstlenmektedir. Bu durum, i\u015fe olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131layabilen i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan her zaman olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmamaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu da terfiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere kariyer ilerlemesini etkileyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyilli olaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131 olabilece\u011finden, istihdam edilebilirli\u011fi de etkileyebilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kad\u0131nlar genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna ayr\u0131ca, konaklama ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri gibi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken baz\u0131 kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir modele uyum sa\u011flayamayaca\u011f\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131na da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 <\/a>iyile\u015ftirece\u011fini ve daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00e7ekerek potansiyel olarak i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc eksikli\u011fini hafifletece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan elde edilen kan\u0131tlara ra\u011fmen, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn dolayl\u0131 olarak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerine eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Piasna’ya g\u00f6re ‘Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, zorlu g\u00f6revler ve \u00f6nemli beceri ve \u00e7aba ihtiyac\u0131 insanlar\u0131 genellikle uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor’. Piasna’ya g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bu zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelebilir, bu sekt\u00f6rleri daha cazip hale getirebilir ve yetenekleri elde tutabilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7arken, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kendilerini denklemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda buluyor – gig ekonomisine dahil olanlar. Bu durum, istihdam yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklan\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Geleneksel i\u015flerin aksine, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli programlardan yoksundur ve genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dakika veya saniyelere dayal\u0131 geleneksel olmayan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenirler. Bu model, g\u00f6revleri beklemek, m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgilenmek veya serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa ‘kilitli kalmak<\/a>‘ gibi \u00f6nemli \u00f6denmeyen zaman yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131<\/a> hesaba katmamaktad\u0131r. ETUI’den Piasna, ‘bu temel meseleler ele al\u0131nana kadar, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n erken oldu\u011funu’ vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak yine de baz\u0131 umutlar var. AB’nin 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Platform \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Direktifi<\/a> oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Mevzuat, ‘istihdam varsay\u0131m\u0131<\/a>‘ getirerek, platformlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ekten serbest meslek sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 halinde gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 asgari \u00fccret, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131na eri\u015fim elde edebilecek. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin ve potansiyel olarak daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n benimsenme oran\u0131 baz\u0131 temel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle iyile\u015fme g\u00f6sterebilir. Du Bois, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 konusunda bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ivme Avrupa’da giderek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yor. Almanya 1 \u015eubat 2024 tarihinde 4 Day Week Global’in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 45 \u015firketi kapsayan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bir deneme <\/a> ba\u015flatt\u0131. Portekiz de 2023’ten bu yana 39 \u015firketi kapsayan benzer bir proje <\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n AB d\u00fczeyinde, Avrupa Komisyonu’nun \u0130stihdam ve Sosyal Haklardan Sorumlu \u00dcyesi Nicolas Schmit ‘\u015fu anda bu konuda yeni bir mevzuata ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n mevcut AB mevzuat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda zaten uygulanabilece\u011fini’ s\u00f6yledi. Schmit ayr\u0131ca Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun \u015fu anda d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fi ve etkileri konusunda i\u015f\u00e7i ve \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de s\u00f6zlerine ekledi<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u00f6rnekleri, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n potansiyel faydalar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, i\u015fverenlerin ve toplumun yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde yeniden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeli vizyonuna katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Yapay zekan\u0131n da etkisiyle geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fcretkenli\u011fin <\/a> y\u00fczde 40 oran\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, kazan\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi acil bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Refaha yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya ve \u015firket sahipleri ile hissedarlar\u0131n k\u00e2r\u0131 cebe indirmesine izin vermeye devam m\u0131 edece\u011fiz, yoksa giderek t\u00fckenen, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in bo\u015f zaman f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik mi verece\u011fiz?\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 standart haline getirmekle kalmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda refah ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini de vurgulayan COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle yeniden ivme kazand\u0131.<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen bir kurulu\u015f olan 4 Day Week Global \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n gelece\u011fini yeniden \u015fekillendirmeye <\/a> adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya genelindeki alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k pilot projeleri, \u015firketlerin bu modeli test etmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015f, finans, pazarlama ve perakende dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerdeki i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in Haziran-Aral\u0131k 2022 tarihleri aras\u0131nda bir deneme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Pilot proje, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin haftada 32’ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesini i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda Louise Verity taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen bir Northamptonshire edebi hediye \u015firketi olan Bookishly de vard\u0131. Pandeminin etkilerini de\u011ferlendiren Verity \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p> “Pandemi, i\u015f yap\u0131\u015f \u015feklimizle ilgili her \u015feyi ve ayr\u0131ca personel hakk\u0131nda hissettiklerimi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Kendimizi daha yak\u0131n bir ekip gibi hissettik.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n ‘Pandemi, tatmin edici i\u015fler sa\u011flaman\u0131n Bookishly’nin misyonunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark etmemi sa\u011flad\u0131’ diye ekledi. Verity, sekiz ki\u015filik ekibiyle birlikte Bookishly’de olas\u0131 bir d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131yla ilgili temel endi\u015feleri belirledi ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden geldi. “M\u00fc\u015fteriler ve ticari ortaklarla etkile\u015fimleri nas\u0131l y\u00f6netece\u011fiz?” ve “Payla\u015f\u0131m yapmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve insanlar\u0131n bize ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fcne karar verebilir miyiz?” gibi sorular toplu olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ekip, \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc herkes i\u00e7in izin g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak belirlemeye karar verdi. Haftay\u0131 bu \u015fekilde b\u00f6lmek, art\u0131k iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck haftalar gibi hissettiriyor. Dikkat s\u00fcresine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 etkilemedi” diyor Verity. ‘Bu “mini hafta” yap\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Pazartesi ve Per\u015fembe g\u00fcnleri ile Sal\u0131 ve Cuma g\u00fcnlerine tahsis edilen \u00f6zel g\u00f6revlerle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rutini yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na t\u00fcm \u015firketler ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yakla\u015fmad\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’deki denemenin koordinasyonunda yer alan bir di\u011fer akt\u00f6r olan 4 G\u00fcnl\u00fck Hafta Kampanyas\u0131<\/a>‘n\u0131 temsil eden Aliyah Davies, farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Baz\u0131 i\u015fletmeler Cuma veya Pazartesi g\u00fcnlerini tatil olarak se\u00e7erken, di\u011ferleri be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde g\u00fcnleri kademelendirdi. Davies, baz\u0131 \u015firketlerin bunu sadece ge\u00e7i\u015fin daha yumu\u015fak olabilece\u011fi belirli departmanlar i\u00e7in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Kampanya, teklifler y\u00fczde 100 \u00f6deme ve azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, herkese uyan tek bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 savunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n \u00d6zellikle Noel d\u00f6neminde olmak \u00fczere mevsimsel de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in deneme s\u00fcresini alt\u0131 ay daha uzatt\u0131ktan sonra Bookishly, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak benimseyen ilk denemedeki di\u011fer 17 \u015firkete kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu karar art\u0131k Bookishly’nin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine dahil edildi, yani t\u00fcm yeni i\u015fe al\u0131nanlar d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131na uyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pilot projedeki t\u00fcm \u015firketler Bookishly ile ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00fczenlemelerini tercih etmemi\u015f olsa da, neredeyse oybirli\u011fiyle d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 korudular. Davies, bu karar\u0131n ‘\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 daha mutlu etti\u011fini ve onlara daha iyi bir i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretkenli\u011fin genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artmas\u0131yla i\u015fletmeye de fayda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p> \n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri dikkate de\u011ferdir, ancak \u015firketlerin verimlilikle ilgili ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda sorular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Zaten a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcretkenlik ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda olan bir toplumda, firmalar d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 i\u00e7in temel ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermeye devam etmeli mi? Refah g\u00f6stergeleri ile birlikte, hem insanlar hem de \u00e7evre i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir verimlilik seviyelerini benimsemek daha yap\u0131c\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olabilir mi? Bu konular hen\u00fcz ele al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eimdilik, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k genelinde yasal olarak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 etkileri belirsizli\u011fini koruyor. Her \u015fey bir yana, h\u00fck\u00fcmet b\u00f6yle bir hamleye destek vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Aksine, Ekim 2023’te yerel y\u00f6netim kapasitesinde y\u00fczde 20’lik bir azalman\u0131n paran\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermeyece\u011fi endi\u015felerini gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek, yerel y\u00f6netimlere d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 denemelerini derhal durdurmalar\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 veren bir rehber <\/a>a\u00e7\u0131klama yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu tutumda, G\u00fcney Cambridgeshire B\u00f6lge Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan Ocak 2023’te ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k kanun koyucular\u0131n\u0131n yasal tehditlerine ve fon kesintilerine ra\u011fmen Nisan 2024’e kadar <\/a> uzat\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k pilot projenin etkisi olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Kas\u0131m 2022’de d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik tepeden inmeci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, benimsenme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalmas\u0131yla birlikte pek de i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 modelinin aksine Bel\u00e7ika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n <\/a> ayn\u0131 38 saatlik i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc 9,5 saatlik d\u00f6rt g\u00fcne s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ticaret sendikalar\u0131 erken alarm verdi. Bel\u00e7ika Genel \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 bu \u00f6nlemi ‘i\u015fin toplu olarak azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 talebine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir b\u0131\u00e7ak <\/a>‘ olarak k\u0131nad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fverenler de temkinliydi. Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen sosyal hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan Securex taraf\u0131ndan Kas\u0131m 2022’de yay\u0131nlanan bir anket, \u00f6rnekleme al\u0131nan 1.340 i\u015fverenin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25’inin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n kendi sekt\u00f6rlerinde uygulanabilirli\u011fi <\/a> konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheci oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce imalat, konaklama ve perakende sekt\u00f6rlerindeki i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n<\/a> d\u0131r. Sadece y\u00fczde 13’\u00fc daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 taleplerini onaylamaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Gent \u00dcniversitesi’nde d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131 \u00fczerine doktora ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapan Kristen du Bois, 17 \u015firket lideriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yaparak i\u015fverenlerin \u015f\u00fcphecili\u011finin nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birinin yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sabit bir programa uyma zorunlulu\u011fu, i\u015f d\u00fczenlemelerinin de\u011ferli bir avantaj\u0131 olan i\u015f g\u00fcnlerinin ne zaman ba\u015flay\u0131p bitece\u011fini belirlemelerine olanak tan\u0131yan esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinden vazge\u00e7melerini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n \u0130dari engellerin yang\u0131na k\u00f6r\u00fckle gitti\u011fini belirten du Bois \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: ‘Bel\u00e7ika’da tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 38 saat iken, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi 40 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. E\u011fer d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep ederlerse, i\u015fverenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n g\u00fcnde 10 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin veren bir toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m\u00fczakere etmesi gerekiyor. Bu bir y\u00fck olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yasal ve sosyal engeller \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekse, du Bois i\u015fverenlerin ‘kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla be\u015f g\u00fcn yerine d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gayri resmi olarak kabul etme’ olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti. Bu da Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda bildirilenden daha y\u00fcksek olabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve ad\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131nla ilgili bir \u00f6rnek. \u0130\u015fvereniyle d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 i\u00e7in gayri resmi bir anla\u015fmaya varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak zaman \u00e7izelgesinde be\u015f g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yine de bu anla\u015fmadan memnun. Farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerinden insanlarla etkile\u015fimde bulunmak genellikle hem sabah erken saatlerde hem de gece ge\u00e7 saatlerde toplant\u0131lar yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n “Daha az g\u00fcn i\u00e7in daha uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zaman\u0131m\u0131 daha kolay tutmama yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor,” diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor, a\u011f\u0131r bir i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc bazen onu izin g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlasa da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Herkes ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Avrupa Sendikalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden (ETUI) Agnieszka Piasna, \u00f6zellikle i\u015fe gidip gelme s\u00fcresinin i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc on veya on bir saate uzataca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi i\u00e7in dokuz saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131n\u0131n ‘ger\u00e7ekten zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ belirtiyor.<\/p> \n\n\n\n ‘\u0130\u015f g\u00fcnlerinde \u00f6zel hayat ya da aile hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc f\u0131rsat\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor: \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 okula g\u00f6t\u00fcremiyorsunuz ya da onlar\u0131 alam\u0131yorsunuz, birlikte ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi yemek pratik olmuyor. Belirli bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm bo\u015f zaman\u0131 erozyona u\u011frat\u0131yor ve bu da haftada d\u00f6rt g\u00fcne yay\u0131l\u0131yor’. Piasna, Bel\u00e7ika modelinin ‘d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131’ olarak de\u011fil, ‘s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131’ olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bireysel olarak tercih etme hakk\u0131 sayesinde, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alma sorumlulu\u011funu, i\u015fverenleriyle m\u00fczakere etmesi ve resmi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara devretti.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ‘kolektif olarak \u00fczerinde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan ve uygulanan bir sisteme k\u0131yasla kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkilere yol a\u00e7ma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu’ uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Kolektif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak herkesin e\u015fit eri\u015fimini sa\u011flar<\/p>.\n\n\n\n ‘Kad\u0131nlar esnek se\u00e7eneklere benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyillidir,’ diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor Piasna, ‘\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve ev i\u015fleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere bak\u0131m i\u015flerinin birincil sorumlulu\u011funu hala onlar \u00fcstlenmektedir. Bu durum, i\u015fe olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131layabilen i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan her zaman olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmamaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu da terfiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere kariyer ilerlemesini etkileyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyilli olaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131 olabilece\u011finden, istihdam edilebilirli\u011fi de etkileyebilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kad\u0131nlar genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna ayr\u0131ca, konaklama ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri gibi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken baz\u0131 kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir modele uyum sa\u011flayamayaca\u011f\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131na da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 <\/a>iyile\u015ftirece\u011fini ve daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00e7ekerek potansiyel olarak i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc eksikli\u011fini hafifletece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan elde edilen kan\u0131tlara ra\u011fmen, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn dolayl\u0131 olarak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerine eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Piasna’ya g\u00f6re ‘Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, zorlu g\u00f6revler ve \u00f6nemli beceri ve \u00e7aba ihtiyac\u0131 insanlar\u0131 genellikle uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor’. Piasna’ya g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bu zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelebilir, bu sekt\u00f6rleri daha cazip hale getirebilir ve yetenekleri elde tutabilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7arken, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kendilerini denklemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda buluyor – gig ekonomisine dahil olanlar. Bu durum, istihdam yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklan\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Geleneksel i\u015flerin aksine, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli programlardan yoksundur ve genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dakika veya saniyelere dayal\u0131 geleneksel olmayan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenirler. Bu model, g\u00f6revleri beklemek, m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgilenmek veya serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa ‘kilitli kalmak<\/a>‘ gibi \u00f6nemli \u00f6denmeyen zaman yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131<\/a> hesaba katmamaktad\u0131r. ETUI’den Piasna, ‘bu temel meseleler ele al\u0131nana kadar, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n erken oldu\u011funu’ vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak yine de baz\u0131 umutlar var. AB’nin 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Platform \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Direktifi<\/a> oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Mevzuat, ‘istihdam varsay\u0131m\u0131<\/a>‘ getirerek, platformlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ekten serbest meslek sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 halinde gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 asgari \u00fccret, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131na eri\u015fim elde edebilecek. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin ve potansiyel olarak daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n benimsenme oran\u0131 baz\u0131 temel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle iyile\u015fme g\u00f6sterebilir. Du Bois, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 konusunda bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ivme Avrupa’da giderek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yor. Almanya 1 \u015eubat 2024 tarihinde 4 Day Week Global’in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 45 \u015firketi kapsayan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bir deneme <\/a> ba\u015flatt\u0131. Portekiz de 2023’ten bu yana 39 \u015firketi kapsayan benzer bir proje <\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n AB d\u00fczeyinde, Avrupa Komisyonu’nun \u0130stihdam ve Sosyal Haklardan Sorumlu \u00dcyesi Nicolas Schmit ‘\u015fu anda bu konuda yeni bir mevzuata ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n mevcut AB mevzuat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda zaten uygulanabilece\u011fini’ s\u00f6yledi. Schmit ayr\u0131ca Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun \u015fu anda d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fi ve etkileri konusunda i\u015f\u00e7i ve \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de s\u00f6zlerine ekledi<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u00f6rnekleri, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n potansiyel faydalar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, i\u015fverenlerin ve toplumun yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde yeniden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeli vizyonuna katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Yapay zekan\u0131n da etkisiyle geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fcretkenli\u011fin <\/a> y\u00fczde 40 oran\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, kazan\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi acil bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Refaha yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya ve \u015firket sahipleri ile hissedarlar\u0131n k\u00e2r\u0131 cebe indirmesine izin vermeye devam m\u0131 edece\u011fiz, yoksa giderek t\u00fckenen, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in bo\u015f zaman f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik mi verece\u011fiz?\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 elden ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6nelik mevcut pilot uygulamalar ve deneylerin tarihsel emsalleri vard\u0131r. 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda sanayici Henry Ford ABD’deki otomotiv fabrikalar\u0131nda 40 saatlik, be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 denedi <\/a>. Bu, Ford’un fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 Cumartesi ve Pazar g\u00fcnleri kapatmay\u0131 tercih etmesiyle, yayg\u0131n olan alt\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131ndan bir sapmaya i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fverenlerden ve medyadan gelen ilk muhalefete ra\u011fmen Ford’un deneyi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu: fabrikalar\u0131 verimlilik seviyelerini korudu ve i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in ek bo\u015f zaman, topluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde daha fazla harcama yapmalar\u0131na neden oldu. 1930’lara gelindi\u011finde, be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 standart<\/a> haline gelmi\u015f ve nihayetinde 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD yasalar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 o zamandan bu yana \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fti. 1970’lerde tar\u0131m ve imalat <\/a> sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden teknoloji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u015f piyasas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ve bilgiye dayal\u0131 ekonominin y\u00fckseli\u015fi, fiziksel emekten ziyade zihinsel becerilere, problem \u00e7\u00f6zmeye ve ileti\u015fime dayanan beyaz yakal\u0131 kabin i\u015flerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu yeni i\u015f t\u00fcrleri entelekt\u00fcel a\u00e7\u0131dan daha yorucu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nlem almad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak ABD’deki kurumsal cephede, 1970’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn, 40 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 benimseme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde artan bir e\u011filim vard\u0131 ve ayda altm\u0131\u015f ila yetmi\u015f \u015firket bunu benimsiyordu <\/a>. 1978 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, y\u00fczlerce i\u015fletme ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon Amerikal\u0131 <\/a> d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck programa ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Ancak bunun norm haline gelece\u011fine dair ilk beklentilerin aksine, 1980’lerde ilgi azald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda teredd\u00fctl\u00fcyd\u00fc daha uzun saatler<\/a> ve yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 istihdam\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve daha uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini ve verimlilik art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden de\u011fi\u015fen ekonomi politikalar\u0131 (anahtar kelime Reaganomics) gibi fakt\u00f6rler d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1980’lerden bu yana teknolojik geli\u015fmeler, s\u00fcre\u00e7leri otomatikle\u015ftirerek, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6rlerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yerini makinelere b\u0131rakarak ve \u00fcretkenlikte s\u00fcrekli bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak yeniden \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Yeni ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve dijitalle\u015fme, tele-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve hibrit \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak bu geni\u015f yelpazedeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ra\u011fmen, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcnleri ve saatleri 1926’dan beri ayn\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Resmi olarak \u00f6yle. Gayri resmi olarak, artan performans talebi bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 daha uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya itti. Bu durum, i\u015f-ya\u015fam s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla birlikte, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) taraf\u0131ndan kronik stresten kaynaklanan bir i\u015fyeri sendromu olarak kabul edilen t\u00fckenmi\u015flik<\/a> seviyelerinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p> D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn (WHO) 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul etti\u011fi t\u00fckenmi\u015flik<\/a> seviyelerinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 standart haline getirmekle kalmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda refah ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini de vurgulayan COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle yeniden ivme kazand\u0131.<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen bir kurulu\u015f olan 4 Day Week Global \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n gelece\u011fini yeniden \u015fekillendirmeye <\/a> adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya genelindeki alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k pilot projeleri, \u015firketlerin bu modeli test etmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015f, finans, pazarlama ve perakende dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerdeki i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in Haziran-Aral\u0131k 2022 tarihleri aras\u0131nda bir deneme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Pilot proje, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin haftada 32’ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesini i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda Louise Verity taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen bir Northamptonshire edebi hediye \u015firketi olan Bookishly de vard\u0131. Pandeminin etkilerini de\u011ferlendiren Verity \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p> “Pandemi, i\u015f yap\u0131\u015f \u015feklimizle ilgili her \u015feyi ve ayr\u0131ca personel hakk\u0131nda hissettiklerimi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Kendimizi daha yak\u0131n bir ekip gibi hissettik.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n ‘Pandemi, tatmin edici i\u015fler sa\u011flaman\u0131n Bookishly’nin misyonunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark etmemi sa\u011flad\u0131’ diye ekledi. Verity, sekiz ki\u015filik ekibiyle birlikte Bookishly’de olas\u0131 bir d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131yla ilgili temel endi\u015feleri belirledi ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden geldi. “M\u00fc\u015fteriler ve ticari ortaklarla etkile\u015fimleri nas\u0131l y\u00f6netece\u011fiz?” ve “Payla\u015f\u0131m yapmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve insanlar\u0131n bize ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fcne karar verebilir miyiz?” gibi sorular toplu olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ekip, \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc herkes i\u00e7in izin g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak belirlemeye karar verdi. Haftay\u0131 bu \u015fekilde b\u00f6lmek, art\u0131k iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck haftalar gibi hissettiriyor. Dikkat s\u00fcresine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 etkilemedi” diyor Verity. ‘Bu “mini hafta” yap\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Pazartesi ve Per\u015fembe g\u00fcnleri ile Sal\u0131 ve Cuma g\u00fcnlerine tahsis edilen \u00f6zel g\u00f6revlerle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rutini yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na t\u00fcm \u015firketler ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yakla\u015fmad\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’deki denemenin koordinasyonunda yer alan bir di\u011fer akt\u00f6r olan 4 G\u00fcnl\u00fck Hafta Kampanyas\u0131<\/a>‘n\u0131 temsil eden Aliyah Davies, farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Baz\u0131 i\u015fletmeler Cuma veya Pazartesi g\u00fcnlerini tatil olarak se\u00e7erken, di\u011ferleri be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde g\u00fcnleri kademelendirdi. Davies, baz\u0131 \u015firketlerin bunu sadece ge\u00e7i\u015fin daha yumu\u015fak olabilece\u011fi belirli departmanlar i\u00e7in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Kampanya, teklifler y\u00fczde 100 \u00f6deme ve azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, herkese uyan tek bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 savunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n \u00d6zellikle Noel d\u00f6neminde olmak \u00fczere mevsimsel de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in deneme s\u00fcresini alt\u0131 ay daha uzatt\u0131ktan sonra Bookishly, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak benimseyen ilk denemedeki di\u011fer 17 \u015firkete kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu karar art\u0131k Bookishly’nin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine dahil edildi, yani t\u00fcm yeni i\u015fe al\u0131nanlar d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131na uyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pilot projedeki t\u00fcm \u015firketler Bookishly ile ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00fczenlemelerini tercih etmemi\u015f olsa da, neredeyse oybirli\u011fiyle d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 korudular. Davies, bu karar\u0131n ‘\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 daha mutlu etti\u011fini ve onlara daha iyi bir i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretkenli\u011fin genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artmas\u0131yla i\u015fletmeye de fayda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p> \n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri dikkate de\u011ferdir, ancak \u015firketlerin verimlilikle ilgili ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda sorular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Zaten a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcretkenlik ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda olan bir toplumda, firmalar d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 i\u00e7in temel ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermeye devam etmeli mi? Refah g\u00f6stergeleri ile birlikte, hem insanlar hem de \u00e7evre i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir verimlilik seviyelerini benimsemek daha yap\u0131c\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olabilir mi? Bu konular hen\u00fcz ele al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eimdilik, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k genelinde yasal olarak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 etkileri belirsizli\u011fini koruyor. Her \u015fey bir yana, h\u00fck\u00fcmet b\u00f6yle bir hamleye destek vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Aksine, Ekim 2023’te yerel y\u00f6netim kapasitesinde y\u00fczde 20’lik bir azalman\u0131n paran\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermeyece\u011fi endi\u015felerini gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek, yerel y\u00f6netimlere d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 denemelerini derhal durdurmalar\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 veren bir rehber <\/a>a\u00e7\u0131klama yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu tutumda, G\u00fcney Cambridgeshire B\u00f6lge Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan Ocak 2023’te ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k kanun koyucular\u0131n\u0131n yasal tehditlerine ve fon kesintilerine ra\u011fmen Nisan 2024’e kadar <\/a> uzat\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k pilot projenin etkisi olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Kas\u0131m 2022’de d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik tepeden inmeci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, benimsenme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalmas\u0131yla birlikte pek de i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 modelinin aksine Bel\u00e7ika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n <\/a> ayn\u0131 38 saatlik i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc 9,5 saatlik d\u00f6rt g\u00fcne s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ticaret sendikalar\u0131 erken alarm verdi. Bel\u00e7ika Genel \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 bu \u00f6nlemi ‘i\u015fin toplu olarak azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 talebine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir b\u0131\u00e7ak <\/a>‘ olarak k\u0131nad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fverenler de temkinliydi. Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen sosyal hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan Securex taraf\u0131ndan Kas\u0131m 2022’de yay\u0131nlanan bir anket, \u00f6rnekleme al\u0131nan 1.340 i\u015fverenin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25’inin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n kendi sekt\u00f6rlerinde uygulanabilirli\u011fi <\/a> konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheci oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce imalat, konaklama ve perakende sekt\u00f6rlerindeki i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n<\/a> d\u0131r. Sadece y\u00fczde 13’\u00fc daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 taleplerini onaylamaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Gent \u00dcniversitesi’nde d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131 \u00fczerine doktora ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapan Kristen du Bois, 17 \u015firket lideriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yaparak i\u015fverenlerin \u015f\u00fcphecili\u011finin nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birinin yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sabit bir programa uyma zorunlulu\u011fu, i\u015f d\u00fczenlemelerinin de\u011ferli bir avantaj\u0131 olan i\u015f g\u00fcnlerinin ne zaman ba\u015flay\u0131p bitece\u011fini belirlemelerine olanak tan\u0131yan esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinden vazge\u00e7melerini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n \u0130dari engellerin yang\u0131na k\u00f6r\u00fckle gitti\u011fini belirten du Bois \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: ‘Bel\u00e7ika’da tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 38 saat iken, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi 40 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. E\u011fer d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep ederlerse, i\u015fverenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n g\u00fcnde 10 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin veren bir toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m\u00fczakere etmesi gerekiyor. Bu bir y\u00fck olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yasal ve sosyal engeller \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekse, du Bois i\u015fverenlerin ‘kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla be\u015f g\u00fcn yerine d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gayri resmi olarak kabul etme’ olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti. Bu da Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda bildirilenden daha y\u00fcksek olabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve ad\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131nla ilgili bir \u00f6rnek. \u0130\u015fvereniyle d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 i\u00e7in gayri resmi bir anla\u015fmaya varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak zaman \u00e7izelgesinde be\u015f g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yine de bu anla\u015fmadan memnun. Farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerinden insanlarla etkile\u015fimde bulunmak genellikle hem sabah erken saatlerde hem de gece ge\u00e7 saatlerde toplant\u0131lar yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n “Daha az g\u00fcn i\u00e7in daha uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zaman\u0131m\u0131 daha kolay tutmama yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor,” diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor, a\u011f\u0131r bir i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc bazen onu izin g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlasa da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Herkes ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Avrupa Sendikalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden (ETUI) Agnieszka Piasna, \u00f6zellikle i\u015fe gidip gelme s\u00fcresinin i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc on veya on bir saate uzataca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi i\u00e7in dokuz saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131n\u0131n ‘ger\u00e7ekten zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ belirtiyor.<\/p> \n\n\n\n ‘\u0130\u015f g\u00fcnlerinde \u00f6zel hayat ya da aile hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc f\u0131rsat\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor: \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 okula g\u00f6t\u00fcremiyorsunuz ya da onlar\u0131 alam\u0131yorsunuz, birlikte ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi yemek pratik olmuyor. Belirli bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm bo\u015f zaman\u0131 erozyona u\u011frat\u0131yor ve bu da haftada d\u00f6rt g\u00fcne yay\u0131l\u0131yor’. Piasna, Bel\u00e7ika modelinin ‘d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131’ olarak de\u011fil, ‘s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131’ olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bireysel olarak tercih etme hakk\u0131 sayesinde, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alma sorumlulu\u011funu, i\u015fverenleriyle m\u00fczakere etmesi ve resmi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara devretti.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ‘kolektif olarak \u00fczerinde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan ve uygulanan bir sisteme k\u0131yasla kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkilere yol a\u00e7ma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu’ uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Kolektif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak herkesin e\u015fit eri\u015fimini sa\u011flar<\/p>.\n\n\n\n ‘Kad\u0131nlar esnek se\u00e7eneklere benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyillidir,’ diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor Piasna, ‘\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve ev i\u015fleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere bak\u0131m i\u015flerinin birincil sorumlulu\u011funu hala onlar \u00fcstlenmektedir. Bu durum, i\u015fe olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131layabilen i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan her zaman olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmamaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu da terfiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere kariyer ilerlemesini etkileyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyilli olaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131 olabilece\u011finden, istihdam edilebilirli\u011fi de etkileyebilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kad\u0131nlar genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna ayr\u0131ca, konaklama ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri gibi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken baz\u0131 kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir modele uyum sa\u011flayamayaca\u011f\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131na da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 <\/a>iyile\u015ftirece\u011fini ve daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00e7ekerek potansiyel olarak i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc eksikli\u011fini hafifletece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan elde edilen kan\u0131tlara ra\u011fmen, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn dolayl\u0131 olarak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerine eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Piasna’ya g\u00f6re ‘Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, zorlu g\u00f6revler ve \u00f6nemli beceri ve \u00e7aba ihtiyac\u0131 insanlar\u0131 genellikle uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor’. Piasna’ya g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bu zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelebilir, bu sekt\u00f6rleri daha cazip hale getirebilir ve yetenekleri elde tutabilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7arken, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kendilerini denklemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda buluyor – gig ekonomisine dahil olanlar. Bu durum, istihdam yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklan\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Geleneksel i\u015flerin aksine, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli programlardan yoksundur ve genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dakika veya saniyelere dayal\u0131 geleneksel olmayan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenirler. Bu model, g\u00f6revleri beklemek, m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgilenmek veya serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa ‘kilitli kalmak<\/a>‘ gibi \u00f6nemli \u00f6denmeyen zaman yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131<\/a> hesaba katmamaktad\u0131r. ETUI’den Piasna, ‘bu temel meseleler ele al\u0131nana kadar, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n erken oldu\u011funu’ vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak yine de baz\u0131 umutlar var. AB’nin 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Platform \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Direktifi<\/a> oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Mevzuat, ‘istihdam varsay\u0131m\u0131<\/a>‘ getirerek, platformlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ekten serbest meslek sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 halinde gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 asgari \u00fccret, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131na eri\u015fim elde edebilecek. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin ve potansiyel olarak daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n benimsenme oran\u0131 baz\u0131 temel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle iyile\u015fme g\u00f6sterebilir. Du Bois, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 konusunda bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ivme Avrupa’da giderek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yor. Almanya 1 \u015eubat 2024 tarihinde 4 Day Week Global’in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 45 \u015firketi kapsayan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bir deneme <\/a> ba\u015flatt\u0131. Portekiz de 2023’ten bu yana 39 \u015firketi kapsayan benzer bir proje <\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n AB d\u00fczeyinde, Avrupa Komisyonu’nun \u0130stihdam ve Sosyal Haklardan Sorumlu \u00dcyesi Nicolas Schmit ‘\u015fu anda bu konuda yeni bir mevzuata ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n mevcut AB mevzuat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda zaten uygulanabilece\u011fini’ s\u00f6yledi. Schmit ayr\u0131ca Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun \u015fu anda d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fi ve etkileri konusunda i\u015f\u00e7i ve \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de s\u00f6zlerine ekledi<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u00f6rnekleri, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n potansiyel faydalar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, i\u015fverenlerin ve toplumun yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde yeniden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeli vizyonuna katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Yapay zekan\u0131n da etkisiyle geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fcretkenli\u011fin <\/a> y\u00fczde 40 oran\u0131nda artaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, kazan\u00e7 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesi acil bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r. Refaha yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya ve \u015firket sahipleri ile hissedarlar\u0131n k\u00e2r\u0131 cebe indirmesine izin vermeye devam m\u0131 edece\u011fiz, yoksa giderek t\u00fckenen, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in bo\u015f zaman f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na \u00f6ncelik mi verece\u011fiz?\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcn sonra biten ve size dinlenmek, sevdiklerinizle kaliteli zaman ge\u00e7irmek ve ki\u015fisel u\u011fra\u015flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 takip etmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn b\u0131rakan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 hayal edin. Pilot projeler veya tam yasal tan\u0131nma yoluyla, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 art\u0131k bir hayal de\u011fil, Avrupa ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ger\u00e7e\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pilot projeler birka\u00e7 \u00fclkede y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc ve sonu\u00e7lar \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 derecede olumlu oldu. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda, alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bir deneme sonucunda 61 \u015firket <\/a>ve 2.900 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n y\u00fczde 90’l\u0131k \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir elde tutma oran\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k da yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar, y\u00fczde 100 \u00fcretkenliklerini korumak ko\u015fuluyla, \u00f6nceki saatlerinin y\u00fczde 80’i kadar \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken tam \u00fccret almaya devam ettiler. Sonu\u00e7lar a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131: \u00fcretkenlik sadece korunmakla kalmad\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda artt\u0131.- \u0130\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi geli\u015fti ve hem i\u015fverenler hem de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar memnuniyetlerini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir hamleyle Bel\u00e7ika, \u00fccret kayb\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 yasal olarak onaylayan ilk Avrupa \u00fclkesi oldu. Peki ne olacak? Ayn\u0131 say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saati, sadece daha az g\u00fcne s\u0131\u011fd\u0131r\u0131lacak. \u015eimdiye kadar Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde birinden daha az\u0131 d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 benimsedi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yani, Avrupa standart dokuzdan be\u015fe ve yediden be\u015fe \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fczenini tersine \u00e7evirmeye ba\u015flasa da, g\u00f6r\u00fcnen o ki herkes bu modele ge\u00e7miyor. \u0130ngiltere’ye k\u0131yasla Bel\u00e7ika modelinin pop\u00fclerli\u011fini engelleyen fakt\u00f6rler nelerdir? Ve belirli sekt\u00f6rlerin (gig ekonomisi gibi) farkl\u0131 kurallar alt\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir ortamda, geleneksel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerine veda etmeye ve daha erken saatlerde mesaiyi bitirmeye toplu olarak haz\u0131r m\u0131y\u0131z?\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 elden ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6nelik mevcut pilot uygulamalar ve deneylerin tarihsel emsalleri vard\u0131r. 1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda sanayici Henry Ford ABD’deki otomotiv fabrikalar\u0131nda 40 saatlik, be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 denedi <\/a>. Bu, Ford’un fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131 Cumartesi ve Pazar g\u00fcnleri kapatmay\u0131 tercih etmesiyle, yayg\u0131n olan alt\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131ndan bir sapmaya i\u015faret ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fverenlerden ve medyadan gelen ilk muhalefete ra\u011fmen Ford’un deneyi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu: fabrikalar\u0131 verimlilik seviyelerini korudu ve i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in ek bo\u015f zaman, topluluklar\u0131 i\u00e7inde daha fazla harcama yapmalar\u0131na neden oldu. 1930’lara gelindi\u011finde, be\u015f g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 standart<\/a> haline gelmi\u015f ve nihayetinde 1940 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD yasalar\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 o zamandan bu yana \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fti. 1970’lerde tar\u0131m ve imalat <\/a> sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnden teknoloji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u015f piyasas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hizmet sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ve bilgiye dayal\u0131 ekonominin y\u00fckseli\u015fi, fiziksel emekten ziyade zihinsel becerilere, problem \u00e7\u00f6zmeye ve ileti\u015fime dayanan beyaz yakal\u0131 kabin i\u015flerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bu yeni i\u015f t\u00fcrleri entelekt\u00fcel a\u00e7\u0131dan daha yorucu olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nlem almad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak ABD’deki kurumsal cephede, 1970’lerin ba\u015f\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn, 40 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 benimseme y\u00f6n\u00fcnde artan bir e\u011filim vard\u0131 ve ayda altm\u0131\u015f ila yetmi\u015f \u015firket bunu benimsiyordu <\/a>. 1978 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde, y\u00fczlerce i\u015fletme ve yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon Amerikal\u0131 <\/a> d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck programa ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. Ancak bunun norm haline gelece\u011fine dair ilk beklentilerin aksine, 1980’lerde ilgi azald\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konusunda teredd\u00fctl\u00fcyd\u00fc daha uzun saatler<\/a> ve yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 istihdam\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve daha uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerini ve verimlilik art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden de\u011fi\u015fen ekonomi politikalar\u0131 (anahtar kelime Reaganomics) gibi fakt\u00f6rler d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131ndan uzakla\u015fmaya katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1980’lerden bu yana teknolojik geli\u015fmeler, s\u00fcre\u00e7leri otomatikle\u015ftirerek, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcretim sekt\u00f6rlerinde i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yerini makinelere b\u0131rakarak ve \u00fcretkenlikte s\u00fcrekli bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak yeniden \u015fekillendirmi\u015ftir. Yeni ileti\u015fim kanallar\u0131n\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve dijitalle\u015fme, tele-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ve hibrit \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi yeni \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bi\u00e7imlerini m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak bu geni\u015f yelpazedeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ra\u011fmen, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma g\u00fcnleri ve saatleri 1926’dan beri ayn\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Resmi olarak \u00f6yle. Gayri resmi olarak, artan performans talebi bir\u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 daha uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya itti. Bu durum, i\u015f-ya\u015fam s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla birlikte, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WHO) taraf\u0131ndan kronik stresten kaynaklanan bir i\u015fyeri sendromu olarak kabul edilen t\u00fckenmi\u015flik<\/a> seviyelerinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p> D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc’n\u00fcn (WHO) 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabul etti\u011fi t\u00fckenmi\u015flik<\/a> seviyelerinin artmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131, yaln\u0131zca uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 standart haline getirmekle kalmay\u0131p ayn\u0131 zamanda refah ve ruh sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini de vurgulayan COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle yeniden ivme kazand\u0131.<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen bir kurulu\u015f olan 4 Day Week Global \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n gelece\u011fini yeniden \u015fekillendirmeye <\/a> adanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. D\u00fcnya genelindeki alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k pilot projeleri, \u015firketlerin bu modeli test etmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015f, finans, pazarlama ve perakende dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerdeki i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in Haziran-Aral\u0131k 2022 tarihleri aras\u0131nda bir deneme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Pilot proje, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin haftada 32’ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesini i\u00e7eriyordu.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda Louise Verity taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen bir Northamptonshire edebi hediye \u015firketi olan Bookishly de vard\u0131. Pandeminin etkilerini de\u011ferlendiren Verity \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi:<\/p> “Pandemi, i\u015f yap\u0131\u015f \u015feklimizle ilgili her \u015feyi ve ayr\u0131ca personel hakk\u0131nda hissettiklerimi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Kendimizi daha yak\u0131n bir ekip gibi hissettik.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n ‘Pandemi, tatmin edici i\u015fler sa\u011flaman\u0131n Bookishly’nin misyonunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark etmemi sa\u011flad\u0131’ diye ekledi. Verity, sekiz ki\u015filik ekibiyle birlikte Bookishly’de olas\u0131 bir d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131yla ilgili temel endi\u015feleri belirledi ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden geldi. “M\u00fc\u015fteriler ve ticari ortaklarla etkile\u015fimleri nas\u0131l y\u00f6netece\u011fiz?” ve “Payla\u015f\u0131m yapmayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ve insanlar\u0131n bize ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 bir g\u00fcne karar verebilir miyiz?” gibi sorular toplu olarak ele al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ekip, \u00c7ar\u015famba g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc herkes i\u00e7in izin g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak belirlemeye karar verdi. Haftay\u0131 bu \u015fekilde b\u00f6lmek, art\u0131k iki g\u00fcnl\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck haftalar gibi hissettiriyor. Dikkat s\u00fcresine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor ve \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 etkilemedi” diyor Verity. ‘Bu “mini hafta” yap\u0131s\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda Pazartesi ve Per\u015fembe g\u00fcnleri ile Sal\u0131 ve Cuma g\u00fcnlerine tahsis edilen \u00f6zel g\u00f6revlerle bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma rutini yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na t\u00fcm \u015firketler ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yakla\u015fmad\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’deki denemenin koordinasyonunda yer alan bir di\u011fer akt\u00f6r olan 4 G\u00fcnl\u00fck Hafta Kampanyas\u0131<\/a>‘n\u0131 temsil eden Aliyah Davies, farkl\u0131 d\u00fczenlerin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izdi. Baz\u0131 i\u015fletmeler Cuma veya Pazartesi g\u00fcnlerini tatil olarak se\u00e7erken, di\u011ferleri be\u015f i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde g\u00fcnleri kademelendirdi. Davies, baz\u0131 \u015firketlerin bunu sadece ge\u00e7i\u015fin daha yumu\u015fak olabilece\u011fi belirli departmanlar i\u00e7in uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti. Kampanya, teklifler y\u00fczde 100 \u00f6deme ve azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece, herkese uyan tek bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 savunmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n \u00d6zellikle Noel d\u00f6neminde olmak \u00fczere mevsimsel de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6zlemlemek i\u00e7in deneme s\u00fcresini alt\u0131 ay daha uzatt\u0131ktan sonra Bookishly, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 kal\u0131c\u0131 olarak benimseyen ilk denemedeki di\u011fer 17 \u015firkete kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu karar art\u0131k Bookishly’nin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerine dahil edildi, yani t\u00fcm yeni i\u015fe al\u0131nanlar d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131na uyuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pilot projedeki t\u00fcm \u015firketler Bookishly ile ayn\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00fczenlemelerini tercih etmemi\u015f olsa da, neredeyse oybirli\u011fiyle d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 korudular. Davies, bu karar\u0131n ‘\u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131 daha mutlu etti\u011fini ve onlara daha iyi bir i\u015f-ya\u015fam dengesi sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fcretkenli\u011fin genellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artmas\u0131yla i\u015fletmeye de fayda sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p> \n\n\n\n \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri dikkate de\u011ferdir, ancak \u015firketlerin verimlilikle ilgili ba\u015far\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6l\u00e7t\u00fc\u011f\u00fc konusunda sorular ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Zaten a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcretkenlik ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fck\u00fc alt\u0131nda olan bir toplumda, firmalar d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 i\u00e7in temel ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermeye devam etmeli mi? Refah g\u00f6stergeleri ile birlikte, hem insanlar hem de \u00e7evre i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir verimlilik seviyelerini benimsemek daha yap\u0131c\u0131 bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olabilir mi? Bu konular hen\u00fcz ele al\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eimdilik, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k genelinde yasal olarak uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131n olas\u0131 etkileri belirsizli\u011fini koruyor. Her \u015fey bir yana, h\u00fck\u00fcmet b\u00f6yle bir hamleye destek vermedi\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Aksine, Ekim 2023’te yerel y\u00f6netim kapasitesinde y\u00fczde 20’lik bir azalman\u0131n paran\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermeyece\u011fi endi\u015felerini gerek\u00e7e g\u00f6stererek, yerel y\u00f6netimlere d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 denemelerini derhal durdurmalar\u0131 talimat\u0131n\u0131 veren bir rehber <\/a>a\u00e7\u0131klama yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bu tutumda, G\u00fcney Cambridgeshire B\u00f6lge Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan Ocak 2023’te ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k kanun koyucular\u0131n\u0131n yasal tehditlerine ve fon kesintilerine ra\u011fmen Nisan 2024’e kadar <\/a> uzat\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 ayl\u0131k pilot projenin etkisi olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin Kas\u0131m 2022’de d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 yasalla\u015ft\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik tepeden inmeci yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, benimsenme oranlar\u0131n\u0131n son derece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kalmas\u0131yla birlikte pek de i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 olmad\u0131. \u0130ngiltere’nin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 modelinin aksine Bel\u00e7ika \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n <\/a> ayn\u0131 38 saatlik i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc 9,5 saatlik d\u00f6rt g\u00fcne s\u0131\u011fd\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ticaret sendikalar\u0131 erken alarm verdi. Bel\u00e7ika Genel \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Federasyonu Ba\u015fkan\u0131 bu \u00f6nlemi ‘i\u015fin toplu olarak azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 talebine y\u00f6nelik \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bir b\u0131\u00e7ak <\/a>‘ olarak k\u0131nad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fverenler de temkinliydi. Bel\u00e7ika’n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen sosyal hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan Securex taraf\u0131ndan Kas\u0131m 2022’de yay\u0131nlanan bir anket, \u00f6rnekleme al\u0131nan 1.340 i\u015fverenin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25’inin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n kendi sekt\u00f6rlerinde uygulanabilirli\u011fi <\/a> konusunda \u015f\u00fcpheci oldu\u011funu ortaya koydu. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce imalat, konaklama ve perakende sekt\u00f6rlerindeki i\u015fverenler aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n<\/a> d\u0131r. Sadece y\u00fczde 13’\u00fc daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 taleplerini onaylamaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Gent \u00dcniversitesi’nde d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n refah\u0131 \u00fczerine doktora ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapan Kristen du Bois, 17 \u015firket lideriyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler yaparak i\u015fverenlerin \u015f\u00fcphecili\u011finin nedenlerini ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bunun en \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden birinin yasal h\u00fck\u00fcmler oldu\u011funu ke\u015ffetti. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n sabit bir programa uyma zorunlulu\u011fu, i\u015f d\u00fczenlemelerinin de\u011ferli bir avantaj\u0131 olan i\u015f g\u00fcnlerinin ne zaman ba\u015flay\u0131p bitece\u011fini belirlemelerine olanak tan\u0131yan esnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinden vazge\u00e7melerini zorunlu k\u0131l\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n \u0130dari engellerin yang\u0131na k\u00f6r\u00fckle gitti\u011fini belirten du Bois \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: ‘Bel\u00e7ika’da tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 38 saat iken, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi 40 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. E\u011fer d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep ederlerse, i\u015fverenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n g\u00fcnde 10 saat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin veren bir toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi m\u00fczakere etmesi gerekiyor. Bu bir y\u00fck olarak alg\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yasal ve sosyal engeller \u00e7ok y\u00fcksekse, du Bois i\u015fverenlerin ‘kay\u0131t alt\u0131na almadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla be\u015f g\u00fcn yerine d\u00f6rt g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 gayri resmi olarak kabul etme’ olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekti. Bu da Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n asl\u0131nda bildirilenden daha y\u00fcksek olabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelebilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Kar amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve ad\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131n\u0131 istemeyen gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131nla ilgili bir \u00f6rnek. \u0130\u015fvereniyle d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 i\u00e7in gayri resmi bir anla\u015fmaya varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak zaman \u00e7izelgesinde be\u015f g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Yine de bu anla\u015fmadan memnun. Farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerinden insanlarla etkile\u015fimde bulunmak genellikle hem sabah erken saatlerde hem de gece ge\u00e7 saatlerde toplant\u0131lar yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n “Daha az g\u00fcn i\u00e7in daha uzun saatler \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zaman\u0131m\u0131 daha kolay tutmama yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor,” diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor, a\u011f\u0131r bir i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc bazen onu izin g\u00fcn\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya zorlasa da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Herkes ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Avrupa Sendikalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc’nden (ETUI) Agnieszka Piasna, \u00f6zellikle i\u015fe gidip gelme s\u00fcresinin i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc on veya on bir saate uzataca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fi i\u00e7in dokuz saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma program\u0131n\u0131n ‘ger\u00e7ekten zor olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131’ belirtiyor.<\/p> \n\n\n\n ‘\u0130\u015f g\u00fcnlerinde \u00f6zel hayat ya da aile hayat\u0131 i\u00e7in her t\u00fcrl\u00fc f\u0131rsat\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor: \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 okula g\u00f6t\u00fcremiyorsunuz ya da onlar\u0131 alam\u0131yorsunuz, birlikte ak\u015fam yeme\u011fi yemek pratik olmuyor. Belirli bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm bo\u015f zaman\u0131 erozyona u\u011frat\u0131yor ve bu da haftada d\u00f6rt g\u00fcne yay\u0131l\u0131yor’. Piasna, Bel\u00e7ika modelinin ‘d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131’ olarak de\u011fil, ‘s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131’ olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bireysel olarak tercih etme hakk\u0131 sayesinde, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alma sorumlulu\u011funu, i\u015fverenleriyle m\u00fczakere etmesi ve resmi bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara devretti.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n ‘kolektif olarak \u00fczerinde mutab\u0131k kal\u0131nan ve uygulanan bir sisteme k\u0131yasla kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkilere yol a\u00e7ma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu’ uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. Kolektif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak herkesin e\u015fit eri\u015fimini sa\u011flar<\/p>.\n\n\n\n ‘Kad\u0131nlar esnek se\u00e7eneklere benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyillidir,’ diye a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor Piasna, ‘\u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7ocuklar, ya\u015fl\u0131lar ve ev i\u015fleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere bak\u0131m i\u015flerinin birincil sorumlulu\u011funu hala onlar \u00fcstlenmektedir. Bu durum, i\u015fe olan ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131 olarak alg\u0131layabilen i\u015fverenler taraf\u0131ndan her zaman olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanmamaktad\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu da terfiler de dahil olmak \u00fczere kariyer ilerlemesini etkileyebilir. Ayr\u0131ca, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 talep etmeye daha meyilli olaca\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131 olabilece\u011finden, istihdam edilebilirli\u011fi de etkileyebilir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, kad\u0131nlar genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\n Piasna ayr\u0131ca, konaklama ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetleri gibi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken baz\u0131 kad\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerin d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck bir modele uyum sa\u011flayamayaca\u011f\u0131 arg\u00fcman\u0131na da kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Daha k\u0131sa bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 <\/a>iyile\u015ftirece\u011fini ve daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 \u00e7ekerek potansiyel olarak i\u015f g\u00fcc\u00fc eksikli\u011fini hafifletece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcren ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan elde edilen kan\u0131tlara ra\u011fmen, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn dolayl\u0131 olarak kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerine eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Piasna’ya g\u00f6re ‘Uzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatleri, zorlu g\u00f6revler ve \u00f6nemli beceri ve \u00e7aba ihtiyac\u0131 insanlar\u0131 genellikle uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor’. Piasna’ya g\u00f6re \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 bu zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelebilir, bu sekt\u00f6rleri daha cazip hale getirebilir ve yetenekleri elde tutabilir.<\/p> \n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok sekt\u00f6rde tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7arken, baz\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar kendilerini denklemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda buluyor – gig ekonomisine dahil olanlar. Bu durum, istihdam yap\u0131lar\u0131ndaki temel farkl\u0131l\u0131ktan kaynaklan\u0131yor<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Geleneksel i\u015flerin aksine, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 d\u00fczenli programlardan yoksundur ve genellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan dakika veya saniyelere dayal\u0131 geleneksel olmayan \u00f6deme yap\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00fcvenirler. Bu model, g\u00f6revleri beklemek, m\u00fc\u015fterilerle ilgilenmek veya serbest \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yorsa ‘kilitli kalmak<\/a>‘ gibi \u00f6nemli \u00f6denmeyen zaman yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131<\/a> hesaba katmamaktad\u0131r. ETUI’den Piasna, ‘bu temel meseleler ele al\u0131nana kadar, gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in k\u0131salt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n erken oldu\u011funu’ vurgulad\u0131<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Ancak yine de baz\u0131 umutlar var. AB’nin 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen Platform \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Direktifi<\/a> oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. Mevzuat, ‘istihdam varsay\u0131m\u0131<\/a>‘ getirerek, platformlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ekten serbest meslek sahibi olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamalar\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fan olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 halinde gig \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 asgari \u00fccret, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik ve toplu pazarl\u0131k hakk\u0131na eri\u015fim elde edebilecek. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma saatlerinin ve potansiyel olarak daha k\u0131sa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika’da d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n benimsenme oran\u0131 baz\u0131 temel de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle iyile\u015fme g\u00f6sterebilir. Du Bois, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 konusunda bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Sonu\u00e7lar hen\u00fcz a\u00e7\u0131klanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ivme Avrupa’da giderek g\u00fc\u00e7 kazan\u0131yor. Almanya 1 \u015eubat 2024 tarihinde 4 Day Week Global’in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 45 \u015firketi kapsayan alt\u0131 ayl\u0131k bir deneme <\/a> ba\u015flatt\u0131. Portekiz de 2023’ten bu yana 39 \u015firketi kapsayan benzer bir proje <\/a> y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n AB d\u00fczeyinde, Avrupa Komisyonu’nun \u0130stihdam ve Sosyal Haklardan Sorumlu \u00dcyesi Nicolas Schmit ‘\u015fu anda bu konuda yeni bir mevzuata ihtiya\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n mevcut AB mevzuat\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda zaten uygulanabilece\u011fini’ s\u00f6yledi. Schmit ayr\u0131ca Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun \u015fu anda d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanabilirli\u011fi ve etkileri konusunda i\u015f\u00e7i ve \u015firket d\u00fczeyinde bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc de s\u00f6zlerine ekledi<\/p>.\n\n\n\n Bel\u00e7ika ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k \u00f6rnekleri, d\u00f6rt g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131n\u0131n potansiyel faydalar\u0131n\u0131 ve zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n, i\u015fverenlerin ve toplumun yarar\u0131na olacak \u015fekilde yeniden tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma modeli vizyonuna katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p> \n\n\n\nDaha fazla AB deneyi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Cinsiyete dayal\u0131 bir mesele<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f ekonomisi: daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Daha fazla AB deneyi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Bel\u00e7ika modeli: i\u015fverenler tam olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131yor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Cinsiyete dayal\u0131 bir mesele<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f ekonomisi: daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Daha fazla AB deneyi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Pandemi hamlesi: Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’tan bir ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Bel\u00e7ika modeli: i\u015fverenler tam olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131yor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Cinsiyete dayal\u0131 bir mesele<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f ekonomisi: daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Daha fazla AB deneyi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 ilk kez de\u011fi\u015fmiyor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Pandemi hamlesi: Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’tan bir ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Bel\u00e7ika modeli: i\u015fverenler tam olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131yor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Cinsiyete dayal\u0131 bir mesele<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f ekonomisi: daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Daha fazla AB deneyi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma haftas\u0131 ilk kez de\u011fi\u015fmiyor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Pandemi hamlesi: Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’tan bir ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Bel\u00e7ika modeli: i\u015fverenler tam olarak kat\u0131lm\u0131yor<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Cinsiyete dayal\u0131 bir mesele<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0130\u015f ekonomisi: daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Daha fazla AB deneyi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n