{"id":42678,"date":"2023-10-10T09:00:23","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T07:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/?post_type=article&p=42678"},"modified":"2024-06-20T09:06:35","modified_gmt":"2024-06-20T07:06:35","slug":"avrupada-yoksulluk-yayilirken-servet-hala-vergiden-muaf","status":"publish","type":"article","link":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/article\/avrupada-yoksulluk-yayilirken-servet-hala-vergiden-muaf\/","title":{"rendered":"Avrupa’da yoksulluk yay\u0131l\u0131rken, servet (hala) vergiden muaf"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ipsos taraf\u0131ndan Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda Fransa<\/a>, Almanya<\/a>, Yunanistan<\/a>, \u0130talya<\/a>, Polonya<\/a>, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k<\/a>, Portekiz<\/a>, Moldova<\/a> ve S\u0131rbistan<\/a>‘da 10.000 ki\u015finin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir anket<\/a>, Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n zor bir d\u00f6nemden ge\u00e7ti\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n\n

Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 55’i i\u00e7in sat\u0131n alma g\u00fcc\u00fc son \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131lda d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Tespit edilen ba\u015fl\u0131ca neden, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmayan bir \u015fekilde, fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r. Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te biri ekonomik olarak g\u00fcvensiz olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemektedir (ortalama y\u00fczde 29, Yunanistan ve Moldova’da neredeyse y\u00fczde 50). Y\u00fczde 30’u \u00f6\u011f\u00fcn atlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, \u00fc\u00e7te biri ise maa\u015f\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k yetmedi\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Eurostat<\/a> da bu e\u011filimi do\u011frulamaktad\u0131r<\/a>: 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda AB<\/a> ‘de 95.3 milyon ki\u015fi<\/strong> yoksulluk ya da sosyal d\u0131\u015flanma riski alt\u0131ndayd\u0131, yani n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 21.6<\/strong>‘s\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

\u0130ster klasik maa\u015fl\u0131 istihdam isterse daha yeni ve g\u00fcvencesiz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma t\u00fcrleri olsun, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Avrupa giderek fakirle\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n\n

Yine de Frans\u0131z ayl\u0131k dergisi taraf\u0131ndan analiz<\/a> edilen bir OECD \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/a> \n Alternatives Economiques<\/em>\n<\/strong> eme\u011fin sermayeden daha a\u011f\u0131r vergilendirildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Sadece \u00fc\u00e7 \u00fclke hari\u00e7 (\u0130svi\u00e7re, \u0130spanya<\/a> ve Kolombiya<\/a>), d\u00fcnyan\u0131n her yerinde temett\u00fc almak mali a\u00e7\u0131dan maa\u015f almaktan daha caziptir. Ve \u00f6yle oluyor ki temett\u00fcler \u015fu anda olduk\u00e7a sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131: 2023’\u00fcn ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011finde, 2022’ye k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 4,9’luk bir art\u0131\u015fla<\/strong>, borsada i\u015flem g\u00f6ren 1.200 \u015firket taraf\u0131ndan tam 568,1 milyar<\/strong> dolar da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131 (Janus Henderson verileri, Nisan-Haziran verileri, Lib\u00e9ration taraf\u0131ndan bildirildi<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n

Sermayenin vergilendirilmesi: bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm m\u00fc?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

\u00d6nerilerden biri Avrupa Parlamentosu’ndaki Ye\u015filler\/EFA grubundan geliyor. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 15 Eyl\u00fcl’de“Zenginleri vergilendirin: Slogandan ger\u00e7e\u011fe<\/a>” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 raporu, D\u00fcnya E\u015fitsizlik Veritaban\u0131ndan<\/a> elde edilen veriler temelinde Vergi Adaleti A\u011f\u0131<\/a> STK’s\u0131 ile birlikte haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Her bir Avrupa \u00fclkesindeki en zengin y\u00fczde 0.5’lik kesimi hedef alan “\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 ve artan oranl\u0131” bir servet vergisi<\/strong>, her y\u0131l 213 milyar Avro<\/strong> ‘nun \u00fczerinde vergi geliri<\/strong> sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Frans\u0131z gazetesine g\u00f6re \n Le Monde<\/em>\n<\/strong>“N\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 0,5’i Avrupa’daki servetin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 20’sine sahipken, bu oran refah seviyesi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olan yar\u0131s\u0131nda y\u00fczde 3,5’tir. Bu servet on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u00fczde 35 oran\u0131nda artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.”<\/p>\n\n

Ayn\u0131 do\u011frultuda Bel\u00e7ikal\u0131 sosyalist Paul Magnette ve Frans\u0131z sosyalist Aurore Lalucq taraf\u0131ndan sunulan bir Avrupa yurtta\u015f giri\u015fimi<\/strong> de bulunmaktad\u0131r. Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilen dilek\u00e7e i\u00e7in imza toplama s\u00fcreci 9 Ekim<\/a>‘de ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7evresel ve sosyal programlar ile uluslararas\u0131 kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 finanse etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fclkler \u00fczerinden vergi al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nermektedir.<\/p>\n\n

Avrupa Merkez Bankas\u0131’na g\u00f6re<\/a> ekolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm pahal\u0131ya mal olacak. \u00c7ok pahal\u0131. \u00d6zellikle de s\u0131radan insanlar i\u00e7in: en k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryoda enerji faturalar\u0131nda y\u00fczde 50’ye varan art\u0131\u015flar \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n

Servetin vergilendirilmesi kula\u011fa karma\u015f\u0131k gelebilir, ancak bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n

\u0130spanya topu yuvarlamaya ba\u015flad\u0131: haber ajans\u0131 olarak \n EFE<\/strong>\n<\/em> haberlerine<\/a> g\u00f6re, 3 milyon Avro ve \u00fczeri de\u011ferdeki \u0130spanyol varl\u0131klar\u0131na bir “dayan\u0131\u015fma vergisi” uygulanacak. Buna ek olarak, sermaye kazan\u00e7lar\u0131 vergisi art\u0131r\u0131lacak ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirler i\u00e7in vergi e\u015fikleri y\u00fckseltilecektir.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

Ayn\u0131 tema \u00fczerine<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n
<\/a>Restos du c\u0153ur: ‘H\u00fck\u00fcmet dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Uberle\u015ftiriyor ve kendini kurtar\u0131yor’<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n

Elsa Da Costa | La Croix<\/em> | 9 Eyl\u00fcl | FR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Restos du C\u0153ur, Fransa’n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u0131da da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 yapan hay\u0131r kurumlar\u0131ndan biridir. Dernek Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bir yard\u0131m \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 yay\u0131nlad\u0131: bu y\u0131l listelerinde 1,3 milyon Frans\u0131z var; rakamlar\u0131n \u00e7oktan y\u00fckseldi\u011fi 2022 y\u0131l\u0131na k\u0131yasla y\u00fczde 20’lik bir art\u0131\u015f s\u00f6z konusu. Kurulu\u015f sular alt\u0131nda kalma riskiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en zengin adamlar\u0131ndan biri olan ve l\u00fcks mallar grubu LVMH’<\/strong>nin sahibi Bernard Arnault<\/strong>, \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131ya 10 milyon Avro ba\u011f\u0131\u015flayarak yan\u0131t verdi. Tahmini serveti 214 milyar Avro olan biri i\u00e7in bu ne kadar c\u00f6mert\u00e7e bir davran\u0131\u015f? Siber g\u00fcvenlik uzman\u0131 Mathis Hammel<\/a> bu soruya yan\u0131t veren bir kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma arac\u0131<\/a> olu\u015fturdu: 35.000 Avro geliri olan biri i\u00e7in bu rakam 1,64 Avro’ya kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k geliyor.<\/p>\n\n

Belki de as\u0131l sorun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir devams\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. “Devlet nerede?” diye soruyor Elsa Da Costa. “H\u00fck\u00fcmet dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 Uberle\u015ftirdi. G\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011finin temel nedenleriyle m\u00fccadele etme sorumlulu\u011fundan ka\u00e7\u0131yor. Bu arada en yoksul insanlar a\u015fevlerinde kuyru\u011fa giriyor.”<\/p>\n\n

<\/a><\/a>Neden zenginlere inanmay\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131k?<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\n\n

Micha\u0142 Zabdyr-Jamr\u00f3z<\/a> | Znak<\/em> | 18 Temmuz | PL (\u00f6deme duvar\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

On y\u0131llard\u0131r medyada hakim olan anlat\u0131, zenginli\u011fin giri\u015fimcilik, deha, s\u0131k\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gibi liyakatin bir kan\u0131t\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n serbest piyasada \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi\u011fi \u015feklindeki kapitalist-meritokratik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olmu\u015ftur. Ancak bug\u00fcnlerde zenginler giderek daha fazla soytar\u0131ya benzetiliyor. Siyaset bilimci Micha\u0142 Zabdyr-Jamr\u00f3z, Elon Musk gibi insanlar\u0131n maskaral\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n bu amaca yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

Toplumsal cinsiyet \u00fczerine<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n
Menstruasyon: Teknoloji d\u00fcnyas\u0131 yeni bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc ba\u015flat\u0131yor<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Lucie Ronfaut | La D\u00e9ferlante<\/em>, Mediapart<\/em> | 30 Eyl\u00fcl (FR, Paywall) <\/strong><\/p>\n\n

“Bir adet izleme uygulamas\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, hemen silin.” Flo, Clue, Glow, Natural Cycles: hepsi de kad\u0131nlar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 gururla iddia eden bu t\u00fcr pek \u00e7ok uygulama var. Ancak ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 etik sorular\u0131 da beraberinde getiriyor. \u00d6zellikle Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri’nde, Roe v. Wade karar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckten kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve k\u00fcrtaj hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin yeni \u015f\u00fcphelerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan, baz\u0131lar\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131 tehlikeye atmakla su\u00e7lan\u0131yor. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z Frans\u0131z ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015fu \n M<\/em>\n<\/strong>\n ediapart<\/strong>\n<\/em>feminist dergi ile ortakla\u015fa La D\u00e9ferlante<\/strong><\/em>bu “femtech “e ve potansiyel etkilerine daha yak\u0131ndan bak\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

\u0130\u00e7eri girmek: S\u0131rbistan’da cinsel politika ve AB \u00fcyeli\u011fi<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Laura Luciani | LSE Review of books<\/em> | Haziran 2023 | TR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Coming In: Sexual Politics and EU Accession in Serbia<\/em> (Manchester University Press. 2023), \u0130ngiliz sosyolog ve siyaset bilimci Koen Slootmaeckers<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan kaleme al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Laura Luciani taraf\u0131ndan incelenen kitap, S\u0131rbistan’\u0131n AB’ye kat\u0131l\u0131m s\u00fcrecinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak LGBTIQ+ haklar\u0131n\u0131n getirilmesini ve bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 direnci inceliyor. Bu t\u00fcr bir “zorla Avrupal\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma”, yerel d\u00fczeyde reddedilen haklar yaratabilir.<\/p>\n\n

<\/a><\/a>M\u00fcsl\u00fcman feministler, yakla\u015fan devrim<\/a> <\/strong><\/h6>\n\n

Fran\u00e7oise Feugas | Orient XXI<\/em> | 31 Temmuz | FR, ES<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Gazeteci Fran\u00e7oise Feugas, Malika Hamidi’nin son kitab\u0131n\u0131 inceliyor, <\/a>La r\u00e9volution des f\u00e9minismes musulmans.<\/a> Ayr\u0131nt\u0131land\u0131rma teorisi ve feminist eylem, 2004 \u00e0 2014<\/em> (Peter Lang yay\u0131nevi, 2023). Bel\u00e7ika’da ya\u015fayan Cezayir k\u00f6kenli Frans\u0131z sosyolog Hamidi, daha \u00f6nce Un F\u00e9minisme musulman, et pourquoi pas?<\/em> (Editions de l’Aube, 2017) adl\u0131 kitab\u0131n yazar\u0131d\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar kendilerini hem kendi toplumlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde hem de daha geni\u015f Avrupa kamusal arenas\u0131nda, pe\u00e7e veya di\u011fer k\u0131yafetler konusunda genellikle gergin polemiklerin i\u00e7inde kendilerini savunmak zorunda hissediyorlar. Bu yeni ara\u015ft\u0131rma onlara bir ses vermeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Gen\u00e7 bir kad\u0131n “Dinimizi, hem toplumda hem de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman cemaatinde tahakk\u00fcm g\u00f6rmeden ya\u015famak istiyoruz” diyor. “M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kad\u0131nlar olarak \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc feminizme artan kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z, feminist olarak kabul edilmek i\u00e7in kendimizi dini kimli\u011fimizden ay\u0131rmam\u0131z gerekmedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymal\u0131d\u0131r” diyor bir ba\u015fkas\u0131.<\/p>\n\n

Victoria’s Secret: #MeToo taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131nanan bir markan\u0131n feminist pembe y\u0131kamas\u0131<\/strong><\/a><\/h6>\n\n

Alba Correa | El Orden Mundial<\/em> | 26 Eyl\u00fcl | ES (\u00f6deme duvar\u0131)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Bir zamanlar i\u00e7 \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r\u0131 pazar\u0131n\u0131n hakimi olan bu \u015firket, #MeToo sonras\u0131 d\u00f6nemde zedelenen imaj\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu sat\u0131\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyle m\u00fccadele ediyor. Alba Correa, Victoria’s Secret’\u0131n nas\u0131l daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 olmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlat\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n

\n\n

– Francesca Barca<\/a><\/p>\n\n

Harry Bowden<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7evrildi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Her ay k\u0131tam\u0131z\u0131n medyada yer alan haberlerini e\u015fitsizlik merce\u011finden inceliyoruz: cinsiyet, gelir, i\u015f, sosyal tutumlar vb. Avrupa’n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcyen yoksulluk sorunuyla ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz. S\u00fcrekli artan hayat pahal\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ortas\u0131nda, refah devleti neredeyse her yerde erozyona u\u011fruyor. Bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm m\u00fc? Vergiler.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14211,"parent":0,"template":"","tags":[],"displeu_category":[],"class_list":["post-42678","article","type-article","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article\/42678","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42678"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42678"},{"taxonomy":"displeu_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/archive.displayeurope.eu\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/displeu_category?post=42678"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}